Iinkqubo zonyango lwemizi-mveliso kunye nezicelo zemichiza
Imvelaphi
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lokukhuselwa kwezommiselo, ukubaluleka konyango lwamanzi kwimveliso eyahlukeneyo yemizi-mveliso kuya kuba nokubonakala ngakumbi. Unyango lwamanzi lwemizi-mveliso ayisiyo ikhonkco elibalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa inkqubela phambili egudileyo yenkqubo, kodwa nenqanaba eliphambili lokufezekisa imigaqo yokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno ezizinzileyo zophuhliso.
Uhlobo lonyango lwamanzi
| Uhlobo lonyango lwamanzi | Eyona njongo iphambili | Izinto eziphambili zonyango | Iinkqubo eziphambili. |
| Ukuhamba kwamanzi | Hlangabeza iimfuno zamanzi asekhaya okanye amashishini | Umthombo wamanzi weNdalo | Ukuqunjelwa, i-sediment, i-captition. |
| Qhubela phambili unyango lwamanzi | Dibanisa iimfuno zenkqubo ethile | Inkqubo yemizi-mveliso Amanzi | Ukuthamba, ukukhululwa, i-Deoxtygenation. |
| Ukujikeleza unyango lokupholisa amanzi | Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwezixhobo | Ukujikeleza amanzi okupholisa | Unyango lwe-dosing. |
| Unyango lwamanzi amdaka | Khusela indalo esingqongileyo | Amanzi amdaka omzi-mveliso | Ukuthathwa komzimba, iikhemikhali, zendalo. |
| Unyango lwaManzi kwakhona | Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi amatsha | Isebenzise amanzi | Ifana nonyango lwamanzi amdaka. |
Ihlala isetyenziswa ngamachiza amanzi aqhelekileyo
| Udidi | Iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo | Umsebenzi |
| Iarhente yokutyala | I-PAC, PAM, pdadmac, i-polyamines, i-aluminium ye-Aluminium, njl. | Susa iinyibilikisi kunye nezinto eziphilayo |
| Iintsholongwane | ezinje nge-TCCA, i-SDIC, i-ozone, i-chlorine diokside, calcium hypoctlorite, njl | Bulala i-microorganisms emanzini (njenge-bacteria, intsholongwane, ifungi kunye neProtzoa) |
| Adj adjus | I-Aminosulfonic Acid, I-nah, lime, i-sulfuric acid, njl. | Lawula amanzi pH |
| I-ion yentsimbi | I-EDTA, i-ion yokutshintsha i-resin | Susa ii-ions ezinzima zentsimbi (ezinjengesinyithi, ubhedu, ukukhokela, i-cadram, i-intercury, i-ickel, njl.njl.) Kunye nezinye ii-ions ezinobungozi emanzini |
| Isikali somphunga | Organophosphasphasphas, okanye i-Organophophohorphorust carboxylic acids | Thintela ukwenziwa kwesikali nge-calcium kunye ne-magnesium ion. Ikwanefuthe elithile lokususa ii-ion zentsimbi |
| Deoxizer | I-Sodium sulfite, i-hydrazine, njl. | Susa ioksijini ye-oxygen yokuthintela i-Oxygen Sormosion |
| Ukucoca iarhente | I-cicric acid, i-sulfuric acid, i-aminosulfonic acid | Susa ubungakanani kunye nokungcola |
| I-oxidants | I-ozone, inkathalo, i-hydrogen chloride, i-hydrogen peroxide, njl. | Ukungazithembi, ukususwa kwezinto ezingcolisayo kunye nokuphuculwa komgangatho wamanzi, njl. |
| Izithambiso | njenge-lime kunye ne-sodium carbonate. | Isusa i-ions hard (i-calcium, i-magnesium ion) kwaye inciphise umngcipheko wokuqulunqwa kwesikali |
| Ii-Defoamers/I-antifoam | Cinezela okanye ukuphelisa ubugwebi | |
| Ukususwa | I-calcium hypoctlorite | Susa i-NH₃-n ukusuka emanzini amdaka ukuze ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhupha |
Singabonelela:
Unyango lwamanzi lwemizi-mveliso lubhekisa kwinkqubo yokunyanga amanzi amashishini kunye namanzi ayo akhuphayo nge-chic, yemichiza, eyebhayoloji kunye nezinye iindlela. Unyango lwamanzi lwemizi-mveliso yinxalenye engenakuphikwa kwemveliso yezamashishini, kwaye ukubaluleka kwayo kubonakaliswa kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
1.1 Qinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso
Susa ukungcola emanzini ezinje ngee-ion zentsimbi, unqunyanyisiwe, njl. Njl. Ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso.
I-Ithintelo: I-Oxergen echithekayo, i-carbon diokside, njl njl.
Ukulawulwa kwe-microorganisms: intsholongwane, i-algae kunye nezinye ii-microorganisms emanzini zinokubangela ungcoliseko lwemveliso, ekuchaphazeleni imveliso yemveliso kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso.
1.2 Ukuphucula ukusebenza ngempumelelo
Ukucutha ixesha lokuphumla: Unyango lwamanzi oluqhelekileyo lunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo izixhobo zokuphilisa kunye nokuchithwa, ukunciphisa iresiphi yezixhobo zokulungiswa kwezixhobo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso.
Yenza impumelelo iimeko zenkqubo: ngonyango lwamanzi, umgangatho wamanzi ohlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo unokufunyanwa ukuqinisekisa uzinzo lwemveliso.
1.3 Ukucutha iindleko zemveliso
Gcina amandla: ngonyango lwamanzi, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla amandla kunokuncitshiswa kwaye iindleko zemveliso zingagcinwa.
Thintela ukuphikisa: Ii-ions ezilukhuni ezinjenge-calcium kunye nee-IOGINUM ze-I-IYSEIAM ziya kwenza isikali, zilandele umphezulu wezixhobo, ukunciphisa ukuqulunqwa kwamaqondo anyanisiweyo.
Yandisa izixhobo zobomi: Ukunciphisa ukuvela kwezixhobo kunye nokuphola, ukuhambisa ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokuhlasela izixhobo.
Ukucutha ukusetyenziswa kwezinto: ngonyango lwamanzi, inkcitho yebhayiloji inokuncitshiswa kwaye iindleko zemveliso zinokuncitshiswa.
Ukucutha ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza: ngonyango lwamanzi, izinto ezisele zisalele kulwelo lwenkunkuma zinokufunyanwa kwaye zibuyiselwe kwimveliso, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe inkcitho yezixhobo eziluhlaza kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.
1.4 Khusela indalo esingqongileyo
Ukucutha ukukhutshwa okungcolileyo: Emva kwendawo yokulala kwamanzi amdaka, uxinzelelo lwezinto ezingcolileyo zinokuncitshiswa kwaye imeko yamanzi inokukhuselwa.
Ukuqonda ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto ngokutsha kwezixhobo zamanzi: ngonyango lwamanzi, amanzi oshishino anokuphinda asebenze kwakhona kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwimithombo yamanzi amatsha kunokuncitshiswa.
1.5 Ukuthobela imigaqo-nkqubo yemo
Dibanisa imigangatho yokukhupha: Amanzi amdaka omzi-mveliso kufuneka afezekise imigangatho kazwelonke neyasekhaya, kunye nonyango lwamanzi yindlela ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa le njongo.
Kwisishwankathelo, unyango lwamanzi olwamanzi aluhambelani kuphela nomgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso, kodwa nakwizibonelelo zoqoqosho kunye nokukhuseleka kwendalo esingqongileyo. Ngonyango lwezenzululwazi nezenzululwazi olusengqiqweni, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqibeleleyo kwezixhobo zamanzi kunokufezekiswa kwaye uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lomzi mveliso lunokuphakanyiswa.
Unyango lwamanzi lwemizi-mveliso lugubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwamabala, kubandakanya amandla, iikhemikhali, amayeza, i-pilelly, inkqubo yokutya kunye nenkqubo yayo yonyango idla ngokufihla ngokweemfuno ezisemgangathweni wamanzi kunye nemigangatho yokuphuma.
2.1 Inkxaso yoNcedo
Ukuxinana kwamanzi obunqabileyo kunyango lwamanzi ngokusasazwa kubandakanya ukuqulunqa okuyintloko, ukuhlanjwa, ukubhalwa, ukuntywila, ukususwa, i-ion yentsimbi kunye nokufihlakeleyo. Iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenzisiweyo zibandakanya:
I-coglants kunye ne-Deccculants: ezinjenge-PAC, iPam, Pdadmac, Polyamines, i-Aluminium ye-Albulfate, njl.
Ii-softeners: ezinje nge-lime kunye ne-sodium carbonate.
Abantu abase-disners: njenge-TCCA, i-SDIC, Calcium Hypochlorite, i-ozone, chlorine diokside, njl.
I-Adusesters: I-Aminosulfoulfonic Acid, iSodium hydroxide, i-lime, i-sulfuric acid, njl.
I-Ion ion iRokrivedTa,
I-Scale ithi: Organophosphasphas, Organophophohorphorust Acid Acids, njl.
I-Adsorbeents: ezinje ngekhabhoni esebenzayo, i-Alumina esebenze, njl.
Ukudityaniswa nokusetyenziswa kwezi khemikhali kunokunceda unyango lwamanzi asebenza ngempumelelo ngokususa umcimbi onqunyanyisiweyo, i-ions ye-organic, i-ions kunye ne-microorganans emanzini, kwaye ivumela umthwalo wamanzi, kwaye unciphise umthwalo wonyango olulandelayo.
2.2 Inkqubo yonyango lwamanzi
Inkqubo yonyango lwamanzi kwinyanga yonyango lwemizi-mveliso ikakhulu ibandakanya ukutshintsha, ukuthambisa, i-Deajidation, intsimbi kunye nokususwa kwe-manganese, ukubulala intsholongwane. Inyathelo ngalinye lifuna imichiza eyahlukileyo yokwandisa umgangatho wamanzi kwaye uqinisekise ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zemizi mveliso. Iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
| I-Coaglants kunye neSoftwers: | Enjenge-PAC, uPam, Pdadmac, Polyamines, i-Aluminium Sulfate, njl. |
| I-SOFTESTANTRANTRES: | njenge-lime kunye ne-sodium carbonate. |
| Iintsholongwane: | I-TCCA, i-SDIC, i-calcium hypochlorite, i-ozone, chlorine diokside, njl. |
| Addusters: | I-Aminosulfoulfonic Acid, iSodium hydroxide, i-lime, i-stulfuric acid, njl. |
| I-ion yentsimbi ye-ion: | I-EDTA, i-ion yokutshintsha i-resin |
| Isikali sokuthintela: | Organophosphasphasphassphassphassphassphass, istganephohonus carboxylic acid, njl. |
| I-Adsorbeved: | I-carbon evulekileyo, ivuliwe i-Alumna, njl. |
Ezi khemikhali zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokwenza amanzi ngendibaniselwano eyahlukeneyo yokunyanga, qinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wamanzi uhlangabezana nemigangatho yemveliso, kwaye uphucule ukusebenza kwemveliso.
2.3 Ukujikeleza unyango lokupholisa amanzi
Ukujikeleza unyango lokupholisa amanzi okupholisa yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kunyango lwamanzi, ngakumbi kumaziko amaninzi emizi-mveliso (njengamaziko emichiza, izityalo zamandla, izityalo zamanzi ezisetyenziselwa khona izixhobo zokupholisa kunye neenkqubo. Ukujikeleza iinkqubo zokupholisa amanzi okupholisayo kukhuselwe ukutyhola, ukukhula kwe-interrosion, ukukhula kwentsholongwane kunye nezinye iingxaki ngenxa yegama labo elikhulu lamanzi kunye nokujikeleza rhoqo. Ke ngoko, iindlela zonyango ezifanelekileyo kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukulawula ezi ngxaki kwaye ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwale nkqubo.
Ukujikeleza unyango lokupholisa Amanzi lujolise ekuthinteleni ukutywina, ukusulwa kunye nokungcoliseka kwebhayoloji kwinkqubo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle. Ukubeka iliso kwimilinganiselo ephambili kumanzi apholileyo (njenge-PH, ubunzima, ubushushu, i-turbidis, i-ioksijini, i-microorganisms, njl njl) nokuhlalutya iingxaki ezisemgangathweni kunyango olujolise kuzo.
| I-Coaglants kunye neSoftwers: | Enjenge-PAC, uPam, Pdadmac, Polyamines, i-Aluminium Sulfate, njl. |
| I-SOFTESTANTRANTRES: | njenge-lime kunye ne-sodium carbonate. |
| Iintsholongwane: | I-TCCA, i-SDIC, i-calcium hypochlorite, i-ozone, chlorine diokside, njl. |
| Addusters: | I-Aminosulfoulfonic Acid, iSodium hydroxide, i-lime, i-stulfuric acid, njl. |
| I-ion yentsimbi ye-ion: | I-EDTA, i-ion yokutshintsha i-resin |
| Isikali sokuthintela: | Organophosphasphasphassphassphassphassphass, istganephohonus carboxylic acid, njl. |
| I-Adsorbeved: | I-carbon evulekileyo, ivuliwe i-Alumna, njl. |
Ezi khemikhali kunye neendlela zonyango zinceda ukukhusela ukutywina, ukulungela kunye nongcoliseko lwentsholongwane, qinisekisa ukusebenza ixesha elide lenkqubo yokupholisa amanzi, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkqubo.
2.4 Unyango lwamanzi amdaka
Inkqubo yonyango lwamanzi amdaka omzi-mveliso inokwahlulwa ibe ngamanqanaba amaninzi ngokweempawu zamanzi amdaka kunye neenjongo zonyango, ikakhulu zibandakanyekile, isuswe phantsi kunye nokuchithwa kwe-ofisi ye-organic, i-Sluntrals, i-Sluntral kunye neNkxaso-mali yonyango. Ikhonkco ngalinye lifuna ukuba iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo zisebenze kunye ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kunye nokuchaneka kwenkqubo yonyango lwamanzi elinamanzi.
Unyango lwamanzi amdaka ahlukeneyo lwahlulwe ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili: ngokwasemzimbeni, imichiza kunye nebhayoloji, ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho yokuphuma kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko lwendalo.
Indlela yomzimba:I-sediment, ukufihlakala, iflotation, njl.
INDAWO YOKUGQIBELA:Ukungathathi cala, i-resox, ukususwa kweekhemikhali.
Indlela yebhayoloji:Indlela ye-SLUALSE evulekileyo, i-membrane bioreactor (i-MBRE), njl.
Iikhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
| I-Coaglants kunye neSoftwers: | Enjenge-PAC, uPam, Pdadmac, Polyamines, i-Aluminium Sulfate, njl. |
| I-SOFTESTANTRANTRES: | njenge-lime kunye ne-sodium carbonate. |
| Iintsholongwane: | I-TCCA, i-SDIC, i-calcium hypochlorite, i-ozone, chlorine diokside, njl. |
| Addusters: | I-Aminosulfoulfonic Acid, iSodium hydroxide, i-lime, i-stulfuric acid, njl. |
| I-ion yentsimbi ye-ion: | I-EDTA, i-ion yokutshintsha i-resin |
| Isikali sokuthintela: | Organophosphasphasphassphassphassphassphass, istganephohonus carboxylic acid, njl. |
| I-Adsorbeved: | I-carbon evulekileyo, ivuliwe i-Alumna, njl. |
Ngokusetyenziswa ngokukuko kwezi khemikhali, amanzi amdaka anokuphathwa kwaye akhutshwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho, kwaye ahlaziyeke, ancede ukunciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokubonisa amanzi.
2.5 Unyango lwaManzi kwakhona
Unyango lwaManzi oluPhucukileyo lubhekisa kwiNdlela yokulawulwa kwabasebenzi bamanzi ethi iphinda isebenze amanzi amdaka avela kwishishini emva konyango. Ngokwanda kokunqongophala kwezixhobo zamanzi, amasimi amaninzi emizi-mveliso amkeleyo kwimilinganiselo yonyango esetyenzisiweyo, engasigcinanga kuphela ubutyebi bamanzi, kodwa unciphise iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhupha iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhupha iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhupha iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhupha iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhupha iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhupha iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhupha iindleko zonyango kunye nokukhutshwa. Eyona nto iphambili yokuphinda isetyenziselwe ukuphinda isebenze amanzi kwakhona kukususa iingcongconi kumanzi amdaka ukuze umgangatho wamanzi uhlangabezana neemfuno zokwenza kwakhona, efuna ukuchaneka kwendlela kunye netekhnoloji ephezulu.
Inkqubo yokunyanga amanzi asetyenzisiweyo ehlaziyiweyo ibandakanya la manyathelo aphambili:
IXESHA:Susa amasuntswana amakhulu okungcola kunye negrisi, usebenzisa i-pac, pam, njl.
Uhlengahlengiso:Lungisa i-PH, iikhemikhali ezisetyenziswayo ezisetyenziswayo ziquka i-sodium hydroxide, i-sulfuric acid, calcium hydroxide, njl.
Unyango lwebhayoloji:Susa umba wezinto eziphilayo, xhasa ukonakaliswa kwentsholongwane, sebenzisa i-ammonium hloride, isodium dihydrogen phosphate phosphate, njl.
Unyango lweekhemikhali:Ukususwa kwe-oximative yezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinyithi ezinzima, eziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwe-ozone, i-PROLLIUTE, i-Sodium hulfide, njl.
Ukwahlulwa kwe-membrane:Sebenzisa i-Osmosis e-Osmosis, i-nanofilliration, kunye netekhnoloji yokugcina i-oltraflated ukususa izinto ezichithiweyo kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wamanzi.
Intsholongwane:Susa i-microorganisms, sebenzisa i-chlorine, i-ozone, calcium hypoctlorite, njl.
Ukubeka iliso kunye nohlengahlengiso:Qinisekisa ukuba amanzi abuyiselweyo ahlangabezana nemigangatho kwaye asebenzise imibutho kunye nezixhobo zokubeka esweni uhlengahlengiso.
IiDofoamers:Bacinezela okanye baphelise igwebu ngokunciphisa uxinzelelo lolwelo lwe-lolwel kunye nokutshabalalisa uzinzo lwempumlo. .
I-calcium hypocchlorite:Basusa iingcongconi ezinje ngeAmmonia Nitrogen
Ukusetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo kunye neekhemikhali kuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wamanzi amdaka athathwayo uhlangabezana nayo imigangatho, ivumela ukuba isetyenziswe ngokufezekileyo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso.
Unyango lwamanzi olushishino luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveliso yanamhlanje yemveliso. Inkqubo yayo kunye nokukhetha ikhemikhali kufuneka isebenze ngokweemfuno ezithile zeenkqubo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezikhemikhali akunakuphucula nje iziphumo zonyango, kodwa zinciphise iindleko kwaye zinciphise ifuthe kwindalo esingqongileyo. Kwixa elizayo, ngokuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji kunye nokuphuculwa kweemfuno zoKhuselo lweNdalo, unyango lwamanzi olwamanzi luya kuphuhlisa kwicala elikrelekrele nelihlaza.