Indlela yokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kwishishini lokwenza amaphepha nge-polyacrylamide

I-Polyacrylamidesisithako esisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwephepha. I-Polyacrylamide (PAM), njenge-polymer enyibilikayo emanzini, ine-flocculation egqwesileyo, ukuqina, ukusasazwa kunye nezinye iimpawu. Iya kusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ezahlukeneyo ezinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Kushishino lokwenza iphepha, i-PAM idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Izise iingenelo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho kushishino lokwenza iphepha ngokuphucula iipropati ze-pulp kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle koomatshini bephepha. Eli nqaku liza kuxoxa ngokweenkcukacha ngokusetyenziswa kwe-polyacrylamide kwimveliso yephepha kunye nempembelelo yayo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Iipropati ezisisiseko kunye nemisebenzi ye-polyacrylamide

I-Polyacrylamide yi-polymer ephezulu yeemolekyuli enokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezingezizo ii-ionic, ii-anionic, ii-cationic kunye nee-amphoteric ngokweempawu zayo zokutshaja. Xa i-PAM inyibilika emanzini, kwaye isakhiwo sayo seemolekyuli esine-long-chain siyenza ibe nemisebenzi emihle efana nokuqunjelwa, ukutyeba, uncedo lokugcina, kunye noncedo lokucoca. Kwishishini lephepha, i-polyacrylamide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Uncedo lokugcina:

Iimolekyuli zePAM zinesakhiwo eside setsheyini kwaye zinokufunxwa phezu kwemicu kunye nezizalisi ukuze zenze iibhulorho. Ngaloo ndlela kuphucula izinga lokugcina izizalisi kunye nemicu kwiwebhu yephepha. Kuncitshiswa ukulahleka kwemicu emanzini amhlophe kwaye kuncitshiswe ukulahleka kwezinto eziluhlaza. Ngokwandisa izinga lokugcina izizalisi kunye nemicu, iipropati zomzimba zephepha ezifana nokuguda, ukuprintwa, kunye namandla zinokuphuculwa.

2. Isixhobo sokucoca:

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kokukhupha amanzi kwi-pulp, kukhawulezise inkqubo yokucoca amanzi kwaye kunciphise ukusetyenziswa kwamandla.

3. I-Flocculant:

Ukukhawulezisa ukomisa inkunkuma: I-PAM inokuyicoca ngempumelelo imicu emincinci, izizalisi kunye nezinye izinto ezixhonyiweyo kwi-pulp ukuze zenze ii-particle flocs ezinkulu, ikhawulezise ukuhlaliswa kodaka kunye nokomisa inkunkuma, kwaye inciphise iindleko zokunyanga inkunkuma.

Ukuphucula umgangatho wamanzi: I-PAM inokususa ngokufanelekileyo izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo emanzini amdaka, inciphise i-BOD kunye ne-COD emanzini amdaka, iphucule umgangatho wamanzi, kwaye inciphise ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.

4. Isisasazi:

Ukuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwefayibha: I-PAM inokuthintela ngempumelelo ukuhlanganiswa kwefayibha kwi-pulp, iphucule ukufana kwe-pulp, kwaye iphucule umgangatho wephepha.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-polyacrylamide kubuchwepheshe bokwenza iphepha

1. Inqanaba lokulungiselela intlama

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokulungiselela i-pulp, iifayibha ezincinci kunye nezizalisi zilahleka lula ngamanzi amdaka, nto leyo ebangela inkunkuma yezixhobo kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Ukusebenzisa i-cationic polyacrylamide njengoncedo lokugcina izinto kunokuthimba nokulungisa iifayibha ezincinci kunye nezizalisi kwi-pulp ngokusebenzisa ukuthomalalisa itshaja kunye nokubopha. Oku akunciphisi nje kuphela ukulahleka kweefayibha, kodwa kunciphisa nomthwalo wonyango lwelindle.

2. Inkqubo yokuphela emanzi yomatshini wephepha

Kwinkqubo yokuphela komatshini wephepha, ukuphelelwa ngamanzi ngokukhawuleza yeyona nto iphambili ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso. I-Anionic okanye i-nonionic polyacrylamide ingasetyenziswa njengesihluzo sokuncedisa ukwenza kube lula ukuba amanzi aphume kwisakhiwo senethiwekhi yefayibha ngokuphucula ukutyibilika phakathi kweefayibha. Le nkqubo inciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuphelelwa ngamanzi ngelixa inciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngexesha lokumiswa.

3. Inqanaba lokwenza iphepha

Njenge-dispersant, i-polyacrylamide inokuthintela ngempumelelo ukutyibilika kwefayibha kwaye iphucule ukufana kunye nokuguda komphezulu wephepha. Ngokukhetha ngononophelo ubunzima beemolekyuli kunye noxinano lwetshaja ye-PAM, iipropati zomzimba zephepha eligqityiweyo, ezinje ngamandla okutsalwa kunye namandla okukrazula, nazo zinokulungiswa. Ukongeza, i-polyacrylamide inokuphucula isiphumo sokugquma sephepha eligqunyiweyo kwaye yenze ukusebenza kokuprinta kwephepha kube ngcono.

Iingenelo eziphambili ze-polyacrylamide ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso

1. Nciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto eziluhlaza

Ukusetyenziswa kokugcinwa kunceda kakhulu ekuphuculeni izinga lokugcinwa kweefayibha ezincinci kunye nezizalisi kwi-pulp, kunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye konga ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zemveliso.

2. Khawulezisa inkqubo yokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni

Ukungeniswa kwezixhobo zokucoca kwenza inkqubo yokukhupha amanzi isebenze kakuhle, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa isantya sokusebenza komatshini wephepha kwaye kunciphise umjikelo wemveliso. Oku akugcini nje ngokwandisa amandla okuvelisa odwa, kodwa kunciphisa nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

3. Nciphisa uxinzelelo lonyango lwamanzi amdaka

Ngokuphucula isiphumo sokuqunjelwa, i-polyacrylamide inokunciphisa ngempumelelo umxholo wezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo emanzini amdaka, inciphise ukulayishwa kwezibonelelo zonyango lwelindle ezivela kumthombo kwaye inciphise iindleko zokukhusela okusingqongileyo zamashishini.

4. Phucula umgangatho wephepha

Ukusetyenziswa kwezisasazi kwenza ukusasazwa kwefayibha yephepha kufane ngakumbi, kuphucula kakhulu iimpawu ezibonakalayo nezokubonakala kwephepha, kwaye kuphucula ukhuphiswano lwemarike lwemveliso.

Izinto ezichaphazela isiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwe-polyacrylamide

Ukuze ukusebenza kwe-polyacrylamide kusebenze ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka kugxilwe kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Ukukhetha imodeli ye-PAM

Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwenza iphepha kunye neentlobo zephepha zinemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobunzima beemolekyuli kunye noxinano lwe-charge ye-PAM. I-PAM enobunzima beemolekyuli obuphezulu ifanelekile kwi-flocculation kunye ne-filter aid, ngelixa i-PAM enobunzima beemolekyuli obuphantsi ifanelekile ngakumbi kwi-dispersion.

2. Ukudibanisa isixa kunye nendlela yokongeza

Ubungakanani be-PAM eyongeziweyo kufuneka bulawulwe ngokuchanekileyo. Ubungakanani obugqithisileyo bunokubangela iziphumo ezimbi, ezinje ngokuchaphazela ukusebenza kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okanye ukonyusa iindleko zemveliso. Kwangaxeshanye, indlela yokongeza esasazeke ngokulinganayo kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwendawo okuchaphazela isiphumo.

3. Iimeko zenkqubo

Ubushushu, i-pH kunye neemeko zamanzi zonke zichaphazela ukusebenza kwe-PAM. Umzekelo, i-cationic PAM isebenza ngcono kwiimeko ezingathathi cala ukuya kwiimeko ezine-asidi encinci, ngelixa i-anionic PAM ifanelekile kwiindawo ezine-alkaline.

Njengesithako esinezinto ezininzi kwishishini lokwenza amaphepha, i-polyacrylamide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso ngeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo zokuqubha, ukugcina, ukucoca kunye nokusasazwa. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, iinkampani kufuneka zikhethe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ziphucule iimeko zokusetyenziswa kwe-PAM ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zazo zenkqubo kunye neemfuno zokufezekisa iingenelo ezilungileyo zoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo.