Iswekile sisixhobo esisisiseko sokusela, ukutya okulula, ukutya okukhawulezayo, iilekese, iipastries, kunye namashishini anxulumene noko. Ikwasetyenziswa rhoqo njengesinongo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye nemfuno enkulu. Iswekile idla ngokuvela kwi-sugar beets kunye ne-sucrose. Ii-sugar beets zenza i-20% yemveliso yeswekile, ngelixa umoba wenza i-80%. Abavelisi abahlanu abaphambili beswekile yomoba ehlabathini yiBrazil, iIndiya, iTshayina, iThailand, kunye nePakistan. Abavelisi abahlanu abaphambili be-sugar beet ehlabathini yiFrance, i-United States, iJamani, iRashiya, kunye neTurkey.
Xa kusenziwa iswekile, kuveliswa amanzi amdaka amaninzi kunye nejusi yeswekile. La manzi amdaka kunye nejusi yeswekile kufuneka aphathwe ngexesha lokucubungula okanye ukukhupha ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho. Ukucaciswa lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo phakathi kwazo.
Kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo,I-Polyaluminium ChlorideIsetyenziswa kakhulu kwiifektri zeswekile kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kunye nozinzo. Yiba yenye yezona coagulants zidumileyo. Ukususela ekucoceni ijusi yeswekile ukuya kunyango lwe-COD emanzini amdaka, i-PAC inikezela ngesisombululo esifanelekileyo kwishishini leswekile.
Ukusetyenziswa kwePAC kwiShishini leShukela
I-Polyaaluminium chloride inokuqhekeza ngempumelelo kwaye idibanise amasuntswana axhonyiweyo, ii-colloids kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezinyibilikisiweyo. Yiarhente yokucacisa i-polymer engaphiliyo enezinga eliphezulu le-polymerization kunye noxinano olukhulu lwe-charge. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwishishini leswekile kwi:
- Ukucaciswa kwejusi yeswekile okanye ijusi yebeet.
- Susa umbala uze unciphise ukudumba.
- Ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-sedimentation kunye nokusebenza kokucoca.
- Ukucoca amanzi amdaka ngaphambi kokuba akhutshwe okanye asetyenziswe kwakhona.
Ngokungafaniyo nezinto ezidibanisa i-coagulants zemveli ezifana ne-aluminium sulfate okanye ilayimu, i-PAC isebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH, ivelisa udaka oluncinci kwaye inesantya sokuxinana ngokukhawuleza.
I-Polyaluminium Chloride isetyenziselwa ukucacisa ijusi yeswekile
Ijusi yeswekile engalungiswanga ineentlobo ngeentlobo zokungcola: izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, imicu yezityalo, ii-colloids, iiproteni, ii-polysaccharides, ii-pigment, umhlaba, kunye namasuntswana angaphiliyo, njl. Ezi zinto zingcolileyo ziya kuchaphazela ubunyulu bejusi yeswekile, ukusebenza kakuhle kwekristale, umgangatho weswekile egqityiweyo, njl. I-PAC inokususa ukungcola okuxhonyiweyo nokunyibilikisiweyo; esi siphumo sibizwa ngokuba kukucaca.
Indlela yokusebenza kwePolyaluminium Chloride kwiJusi ecacileyo
·Itshaja entle ye-polyaluminium chloride ithintela itshaja embi kwi-colloids nakwiisuntswana ezincinci, nto leyo eyenza zingazinzi.
·Bamba iiproteni, amasuntswana esanti, iikhompawundi zepigment kunye nezinye izinto kulwelo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zenze ii-flocs ezinkulu ezihlala ngokukhawuleza kwi-clarifier.
·Ngaphezu koko, i-PAC ingakwazi ukufunxa iikhompawundi ezibangela umbala wolwelo, nto leyo eyenza umbala wesiraphu yeswekile ube lula kwaye ngaloo ndlela umbala wemveliso egqityiweyo ubonakale ngakumbi.
Iingenelo zePAC ekuHlanjululweni kweJusi
* Isiphumo esingcono sokunciphisa ukucaca kwejusi kunye nombala
* Isantya sokuhlala ngokukhawuleza kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuhlala
* Yehlisa ukudumba kwejusi ecacisiweyo
* Ukunciphisa ukuhluma kwe-evaporators kunye ne-heaters
* Isivuno esiphezulu seswekile ngenxa yokukwazi ukuphucula i-crystallization
* Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali okuphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nee-coagulants zemveli
* Umthamo wodaka onciphileyo kunye nokuhluzwa kodaka okulula
Lilonke, i-PAC iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle ngelixa iphucula umgangatho wemveliso yeswekile yokugqibela.
Idosi ecetyiswayo ye-PAC yokuCacisa iJusi
Umlinganiselo oqhelekileyo uxhomekeke kumgangatho wejusi, uhlobo lomoba okanye i-beet, kunye nobunyulu obufunekayo. Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lomlinganiselo luquka:
Umlinganiselo we-PAC kwijusi yeswekile eluhlaza yi-20-50 mg/L
Xa isetyenziswa kunye nee-flocculants ezincedisayo, uxinzelelo lwe-PAC yi-10-30 mg/L.
Kwijusi zeziqhamo ezingcoli kakhulu okanye ezinemvula, idosi ye-PAC yi-40-80 mg/L.
Ukulungiswa kwedosi kwenziwa ngcono ngovavanyo lwe-lab beaker.
Misela idosi efanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiingxaki ezahlukeneyo zejusi yeswekile.
I-Polyaaluminium Chloride: Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka kwishishini leswekile
Ukuba amanzi amdaka eshishini leswekile akhutshwa ngaphandle kokunyangwa, aya kubangela iingxaki zongcoliseko kwiindawo eziphilayo zasemanzini nasemhlabeni. Ukongeza, ukuba amanzi amdaka eshishini leswekile akanyangwa ngokupheleleyo, aya kuvelisa ivumba elibi xa ekhutshwa kwindawo engqongileyo. Imithombo ephambili yamanzi amdaka avela kwiifektri zeswekile ibandakanya iinkqubo zokuyila nokucoca, ukubhoboza ibhoyila, iinkqubo zokucoca nokucacisa, imisebenzi yokucoca izixhobo, kunye namanzi abandayo kunye namanzi okupholisa, njl.
Iimpawu zamanzi amdaka kwiShishini leShukela
Olu hlobo lwamanzi amdaka ludla ngokuba nezinto eziphilayo (i-COD kunye ne-BOD), izinto eziqinileyo ezixokonyeziweyo, imibala, iioyile kunye nezinye izinto. Lunombala omdaka, ixabiso le-pH eliphantsi, ingxaki yevumba, umxholo ophezulu wezinto eziqinileyo, kunye nenani eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo ezinyibilikisiweyo.
Umgaqo oSebenzayo we-PAC kuNyango lwaManzi amdaka
I-PAC ifezekisa unyango olusebenzayo lwamanzi amdaka ngeendlela ezilandelayo:
· Ukujiya kunye nokufakwa kwenkunkuma
Inokuphazamisa ukuzinza kwezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kunye nee-organic colloids, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza kwee-flocs.
· Imfuno yeoksijini yeekhemikhali kunye nemfuno yeoksijini yezinto eziphilayo inciphile
I-PAC inokususa iikhompawundi ze-organic ezinyibilikisiweyo ezibangela umthwalo omkhulu we-COD/BOD.
· Ukususa umbala
I-PAC ingakwazi ukufunxa iikhompawundi ze-chromogenic kunye neepigment emanzini amdaka.
· Umthamo wodaka uyancipha
Udaka oluveliswa yiPAC lunoxinano olukhulu, luncinci ngakumbi, kwaye kulula ukuluphatha nokulususa emanzini.
Iingenelo zePAC kuLawulo lwaManzi amdaka
- Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zefektri, izinga lokususwa kwe-COD lingafikelela kwi-60% ukuya kwi-85%.
- Ukuguquguquka kwezinto eziqinileyo ezixutyiweyo (i-TSS) kuye kwaphuculwa kakhulu
- Yandisa izinga lokutsalwa kwetyuwa kwi-clarifier
- Xa kuthelekiswa neetyuwa ze-alum okanye ze-ferrous, imveliso yodaka iphantsi
- Isebenza kakuhle ngaphakathi koluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH (5-9)
- Imfuno yeekhemikhali zokulungisa i-pH inciphile
- Ukuphuculwa kokusebenza kwenkqubo yonyango lwebhayoloji
- Ezi nzuzo zenza i-PAC ibe lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiifektri zeswekile ezilandela ukuthobela imithetho kunye nokonga iindleko.
Idosi yePAC ecetyiswayo yoNyango lwaManzi amdaka
Umlinganiselo we-PAC uyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zamanzi amdaka:
Ngokubanzi, uxinaniso luyi-30–150 mg/L. Kumanzi amdaka ane-COD ephezulu, uxinaniso luyi-100–200 mg/L.
Xa kusetyenziswa ii-flocculants (ezifana ne-PAM), uxinaniso luyi-20–50 mg/L.
Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo uqinisekisa ukucaciswa okusebenzayo ngaphandle kokugqithisa okanye iindleko ezingeyomfuneko.
Amanqaku Okongeza ePAC kuNyango lwaManzi
Inqanaba loNyango lwangaphambi koNyango:Le yeyona ngongoma iphambili yokongezwa kwe-PAC, apho iphelisa khona ukuzinza kwee-colloidal particles kwaye inciphise ukudumba.
Ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa kunye nokutsalwa kwenkunkuma:Ukudibanisa i-PAC ne-flocculant efana ne-PAM kweli nqanaba kufezekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-coagulation kunye ne-sedimentation, kuphucula ukucaca kwamanzi ngokubanzi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle konyango.
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PAC kunye nezinye ii-Flocculants
Ihlala isetyenziswa kunye ne-PAM (I-Polyacrylamide) ukuphucula amandla e-floc.
Ukuze umbala ube namandla kakhulu, kunokongezwa iarhente yokususa umbala.
Isiphumo esifanelekileyo kwi-pH 6.5–7.5; ilayimu ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-pH.
I-Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) ibe sisongezo sekhemikhali esiyimfuneko kakhulu kwishishini leswekile lanamhlanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle, ukuzinza, kunye nokuguquguquka ekucaciseni ijusi yeswekile kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-coagulants zemveli, i-PAC inika iingenelo ezininzi: uluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH, isantya sokuzinza ngokukhawuleza, imveliso encinci yodaka, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kunye nesivuno seswekile. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo idosi ye-PAC kunye nokuyidibanisa ne-flocculants ezincedisayo ezifana ne-polyacrylamide (PAM), izityalo zeswekile zinokufikelela kwiziphumo zokucacisa ezifanelekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.
Ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nomzi-mveliso weswekile lunokufumaneka kwi "Izisombululo zeKhemikhali kwiShishini leShukela". Ngethemba lokuba oku kuya kuba luncedo kuwe."
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-02-2025
