Ngenxa yokuphuculwa kweemfuno zabantu zempilo nomgangatho wobomi, ukudada kuye kwaba ngumdlalo odumileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukhuseleko lomgangatho wamanzi echibini lokudada lunxulumene ngqo nempilo yabasebenzisi, ngoko keukubulala iintsholongwane edamini lokudadalikhonkco elibalulekileyo elingenakuyityeshelwa. Eli nqaku liza kwazisa udidi oluphambili lwezibulali-ntsholongwane zedama lokudada kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwazo ukunceda abafundi bakhethe kwaye basebenzise iimveliso ezifanelekileyo.
Uhlu oluphambili lwezibulali-ntsholongwane zedama lokudada
Izibulali-ntsholongwane zedama lokuqubha zahlulwe kakhulu kwezi ndidi zilandelayo:
1. Izibulali-ntsholongwane ezisekelwe kwi-chlorine
Ii-disinfectants ezisekelwe kwi-chlorine zezona mveliso zisetyenziswa kakhulu zokubulala iintsholongwane echibini lokudada okwangoku, kuquka ezi zilandelayo:
- I-Trichloroisocyanuric Acid(TCCA)
I-Trichloroisocyanuric acid sisibulali-ntsholongwane esisebenza kakuhle nesizinzileyo esisekelwe kwi-chlorine esinefuthe elihle kakhulu lokubulala iintsholongwane kunye nozinzo olude, esifanelekileyo kumachibi okudada angaphandle.
- I-Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate(SDIC)
Esi sibulali-ntsholongwane siyanyibilika ngokukhawuleza kwaye singasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokucoca idama lokubhukuda. Sifanelekile kwiimeko ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo, njengokucoca idama lokubhukuda ngexesha likaxakeka okanye amachibi okudada angenamanzi asemgangathweni.
I-calcium hypochlorite inamandla okwandisa i-oxidize kwaye iyanyibilika ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa kufuneka kuqwalaselwe indlela yokugcina kunye nokuthuthwa ngokukhuselekileyo.
2. I-BCDMH(Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin)
I-Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin inokukhupha rhoqo i-Br esebenzayo kunye ne-Cl esebenzayo ngokunyibilikisa emanzini ukuze yenze i-asidi engaphantsi kwe-bromous kunye ne-asidi engaphantsi kwe-chlorous. I-asidi engaphantsi kwe-bromous evelisiweyo kunye ne-asidi engaphantsi kwe-chlorous zineempawu ezinamandla zokuxilisa kwaye zixilisa ii-enzymes zebhayoloji kwiintsholongwane ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yokubulala iintsholongwane.
3. I-ozone
I-ozone yi-oxidant enamandla enokubulala iintsholongwane ngempumelelo kwaye ifanelekile kwiidama zokudada ezikumgangatho ophezulu nakwii-spa.
4. Ukubulala iintsholongwane nge-ultraviolet
Itekhnoloji ye-ultraviolet ibulala iintsholongwane ngokutshabalalisa i-DNA yeentsholongwane, kodwa kufuneka isetyenziswe kunye nezinye izibulali-ntsholongwane ukuze kugcinwe amandla okubulala iintsholongwane aseleyo emanzini.
Ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwe-disinfectant kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo
Ukukhetha isibulali-ntsholongwane kufuneka kwahluke ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa kunye neemeko zedama lokuqubha.
1. Ichibi lokudada losapho
Amadama okudada eentsapho adla ngokuba mancinci ngobukhulu kwaye asetyenziswa rhoqo, ngoko ke kufuneka kukhethwe isibulali-ntsholongwane esilula ukusisebenzisa nesikhuselekileyo ukusigcina.
Iimveliso ezicetyiswayo: iipilisi ze-trichloroisocyanuric acid okanye iigranules ze-sodium dichloroisocyanurate.
- Izizathu:
- Kulula ukulawula ubungakanani bokukhululwa.
- Isiphumo esihle sokubulala iintsholongwane esiqhubekayo kunye nokuncipha kokugcinwa rhoqo.
- Izinto ze-cynaric acid zinokukhusela ngempumelelo umsebenzi we-chlorine.
2. Amadama okudada angaphandle kawonke-wonke
Amadama okudada angaphandle asetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye anabantu abaninzi, nto leyo efuna izisombululo zokubulala iintsholongwane ezisebenzayo nezingabizi kakhulu.
- Iimveliso ezicetyiswayo:
- I-Trichloroisocyanuric acid (ifanelekile ukugcinwa imihla ngemihla).
- SDIC kunye (ifanelekile ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lexesha eliphakamileyo).
i-calcium hypochlorite ene-cyanuric acid
- Izizathu:
- Umthamo wokukhupha i-chlorine ozinzileyo uhlangabezana neemfuno eziphezulu zomthwalo.
- Ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu, lifanelekile ukusetyenziswa ngobukhulu.
3. Amadama okudada angaphakathi
Amadama okudada angaphakathi aneemeko zokungenisa umoya ezilinganiselweyo, kwaye ukuguguleka kweklorini kunokubangela iingxaki zempilo, ngoko ke kufuneka kukhethwe iimveliso ezingagugulekiyo okanye ezingagugulekiyo.
- Iimveliso ezicetyiswayo:
- I-calcium hypochlorite.
- I-SDIC
- Izibulali-ntsholongwane ezingezizo ii-chlorine (ezifana ne-PHMB).
- Izizathu:
- Nciphisa ivumba le-chlorine kunye nokurhawuzelelwa.
- Gcina ucoceko ngelixa uphucula amava omsebenzisi.
4. Iispa okanye iidama zokudada ezikumgangatho ophezulu
Ezi ndawo zigxila kucoceko lwamanzi kunye namava omsebenzisi, kwaye zihlala zikhetha izisombululo ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo nezisebenzayo.
- Iimveliso ezicetyiswayo: SDIC, BCDMH, ozone
- Izizathu:
- Ukubulala iintsholongwane okusebenzayo kakhulu ngelixa kunciphisa iintsalela zeekhemikhali.
- Phucula intuthuzelo kunye nokuthembana komsebenzisi.
5. Amadama okudada abantwana
Amadama okudada abantwana kufuneka anikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ekungacaphukisini kakhulu nasekukhuselekeni.
- Iimveliso ezicetyiswayo: SDIC, PHMB
- Izizathu:
- Izibulali-ntsholongwane ezingenayo i-chlorine zinokunciphisa ukurhawuzelelwa lusu namehlo.
- Ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunciphisa ukwakheka kweemveliso eziyingozi.
Amanyathelo okuzikhusela ekubulaweni kweentsholongwane edamini lokudada
Xa ukhetha kwaye usebenzisa ii-disinfectants, kufuneka uqaphele la manqaku alandelayo:
1. Landela imiyalelo yemveliso
Umlinganiselo kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa izibulali-ntsholongwane ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka. Kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo ngokungqongqo ukuze uphephe ukugqithisela okanye ukunciphisa umthamo.
2. Jonga umgangatho wamanzi rhoqo
Sebenzisa imicu yovavanyo lwedama lokubhukuda okanye izixhobo zovavanyo zobungcali ukujonga rhoqo ixabiso le-pH, uxinano lwe-chlorine eseleyo kunye ne-alkalinity iyonke emanzini ukuqinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wamanzi uyahlangabezana nemigangatho.
3. Thintela ukuxubana kweekhemikhali
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezibulali-ntsholongwane zinokusabela ngokweekhemikhali, ngoko ke kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukuba ziyahambelana na ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe.
4. Indawo yokugcina ekhuselekileyo
Izibulali-ntsholongwane mazigcinwe kwindawo eyomileyo, enomoya ococekileyo, kude namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nelanga elithe ngqo, kwaye zingafikeleli ebantwaneni.
Ukukhethwa nokusetyenziswa kwezibulali-ntsholongwane zedama lokubhukuda yeyona nto iphambili ekugcineni umgangatho wamanzi edama. Ukukhetha isibulali-ntsholongwane esifanelekileyo ngokweemfuno zeemeko ezahlukeneyo akunakuqinisekisa nje kuphela ukhuseleko lomgangatho wamanzi, kodwa kukwanciphisa iindleko zokugcinwa kunye nokuphucula amava omsebenzisi.umenzi weekhemikhali zokubhukuda, sinamava eminyaka emininzi. Ukuba ufuna ulwazi oluthe kratya okanye inkxaso yenkonzo malunga neekhemikhali zokubhukuda, nceda unxibelelane nathi.
Ixesha leposi: Disemba-16-2024