Umahluko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cationic, anionic kunye ne-nonionic PAM？

I-Polyacrylamide(PAM) yipolymer eguquguqukayo esetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni amanzi, ekwenzeni iphepha, ekukhupheni ioyile nakwezinye iindawo. Ngokweempawu zayo ze-ionic, i-PAM yahlulwe yaba ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili: i-cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), i-anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) kunye ne-nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). Ezi ntlobo zintathu zinomahluko omkhulu kwisakhiwo, umsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa.

1. I-Cationic polyacrylamide (i-Cationic PAM, i-CPAM)

Ulwakhiwo kunye neempawu:

I-Cationic PAM: Yikhompawundi ye-polymer ethe tyaba. Ngenxa yokuba ineentlobo ngeentlobo zamaqela asebenzayo, inokwenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen kunye nezinto ezininzi kwaye ikakhulu i-flocculate negative charge colloids. Ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko ze-asidi

Isicelo:

- Unyango lwamanzi amdaka: I-CPAM idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka amdaka angenazo izixhobo zemvelo, afana namanzi amdaka asezidolophini, amanzi amdaka okulungisa ukutya, njl. Iintlawulo ezilungileyo zinokudibana neentwana ezixhonyiweyo ezingenazo izixhobo zokwenza ii-flocs, ngaloo ndlela zikhuthaza ukwahlukana kolwelo oluqinileyo.

- Ishishini lephepha: Kwinkqubo yokwenza iphepha, i-CPAM ingasetyenziswa njengearhente yokuqinisa kunye nearhente yokugcina iphepha ukuphucula amandla kunye nesantya sokugcina iphepha.

- Ukukhupha ioyile: Kwiindawo zeoyile, i-CPAM isetyenziselwa ukunyanga udaka lokugrumba ukunciphisa ukuhluzwa kunye nokuqina.

2. I-Anionic polyacrylamide (i-Anionic PAM, i-APAM)

Ulwakhiwo kunye neempawu:

I-Anionic PAM yi-polymer enyibilikayo emanzini. Ngokuzisa la maqela e-anionic kumqolo we-polymer, i-APAM inokusabela kwizinto ezitshajiweyo kakuhle. Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuqubha, ukubola kunye nokucacisa amanzi amdaka ahlukeneyo kwimizi-mveliso. Ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko ze-alkaline.

Isicelo:

- Unyango lwamanzi: I-APAM isetyenziswa kakhulu kumanzi okusela kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso. Ingadibanisa amasuntswana axhonyiweyo ngokusebenzisa ukuthambekela kombane okanye ukufunxwa kwamanzi, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukucaca kwamanzi.

- Ishishini lephepha: Njengesixhobo sokugcina nokucoca, i-APAM inokuphucula ukusebenza kokuhluza amanzi kwi-pulp kunye namandla ephepha.

- Ukumbiwa kwemigodi kunye nokugaywa kwentsimbi: Ngexesha lokudada kunye nokugaywa kwentsimbi, i-APAM inokukhuthaza ukugaywa kweenxalenye zentsimbi kwaye iphucule izinga lokubuyiselwa kwentsimbi.

- Ukuphucula Umhlaba: I-APAM inokuphucula ulwakhiwo lomhlaba, inciphise ukukhukuliseka komhlaba, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo nakwizityalo.

3. I-Nonionic Polyacrylamide (i-Nonionic PAM, i-NPAM)

Ulwakhiwo kunye neempawu:

I-Nonionic PAM yi-polymer okanye i-polyelectrolyte ene-molecular ephezulu ene-polar genes ethile kwi-molecular chain yayo. Ingafunxa amasuntswana aqinileyo axhonywe emanzini kwaye idibanise amasuntswana ukuze yenze ii-floccules ezinkulu, ikhawulezise ukutyibilika kwamasuntswana ekumisweni, ikhawulezise ukucaciswa kwesisombululo, kwaye ikhuthaze ukuhluzwa. Ayinamaqela atshajiweyo kwaye yenziwe ikakhulu ngamaqela e-amide. Olu lwakhiwo lwenza ukuba ibonise ukunyibilika okuhle kunye nozinzo phantsi kweemeko ezingathathi cala nezibuthathaka ze-asidi. I-Nonionic PAM ineempawu zobunzima obuphezulu be-molecular kwaye ayichaphazeleki kakhulu lixabiso le-pH.

Isicelo:

- Unyango lwamanzi: I-NPAM ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi angcolileyo, acocekileyo kakhulu, njengamanzi asekhaya namanzi okusela. Inzuzo yayo kukuba iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa notshintsho lomgangatho wamanzi kunye ne-pH.

- Ishishini leempahla kunye nokudaya: Kwinkqubo yempahla, i-NPAM isetyenziswa njengesithambisi kunye nesiqinisi ukuphucula ukunamathela kwedayi kunye nokufana kokudaya.

- Ishishini lesinyithi: I-NPAM isetyenziswa njengesithambisi kunye nesipholileyo ekucutshungulweni kwesinyithi ukunciphisa ukungqubana kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula.

- Ezolimo kunye nokulima: Njengesithambisi somhlaba, i-NPAM inokuphucula amandla okugcina amanzi emhlabeni kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezityalo.

I-Cationic, i-anionic kunye ne-nonionic polyacrylamide zineendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kunye nemiphumo ngenxa yesakhiwo sazo seekhemikhali kunye neempawu zazo zokutshaja. Ukuqonda nokukhetha ezifanelekileyoI-PAMuhlobo lunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula kunye neziphumo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo.