Umahluko kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cationic, i-anionic kunye ne-nonionic PAM?

Polyacrylamide(PAM) i-polymer eguquguqukayo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwamanzi, ukwenza iphepha, ukukhutshwa kweoli kunye nezinye iindawo. Ngokweempawu zayo ze-ionic, i-PAM ihlukaniswe kwiintlobo ezintathu eziphambili: i-cationic (i-Cationic PAM, i-CPAM), i-anionic (i-Anionic PAM, i-APAM) kunye ne-nonionic (i-Nonionic PAM, i-NPAM). Ezi ntlobo zintathu zineentlukwano ezibalulekileyo kwisakhiwo, umsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa.

1. I-Cationic polyacrylamide (i-Cationic PAM, i-CPAM)

Ulwakhiwo kunye neepropati:

I-Cationic PAM: Yikhompawundi ye-polymer ehambelanayo. Ngenxa yokuba inamaqela ahlukeneyo asebenzayo, inokwenza iibhondi ze-hydrogen ngezinto ezininzi kwaye ngokukodwa i-flocculate colloids ehlawuliswa kakubi. Ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko ze-acidic

Isicelo:

- Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka: I-CPAM isoloko isetyenziselwa ukunyanga amanzi amdaka endalo ahlawuliswa kakubi, njengamanzi amdaka asezidolophini, amanzi amdaka alungiswayo kokutya, njl. njl. Iintlawulo ezintle zinokudityaniswa namasuntswana amisiweyo ahlawuliswa kakubi ukwenza iiflocs, ngaloo ndlela zikhuthaza ukwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo.

- Ishishini lephepha: Kwinkqubo yokwenza iphepha, i-CPAM ingasetyenziselwa njenge-ejenti yokuqinisa kunye nokugcina i-agent ukuze kuphuculwe amandla kunye nesantya sokugcinwa kwephepha.

- Ukukhutshwa kwe-oyile: Kwimimandla yeoli, i-CPAM isetyenziselwa ukunyanga udaka lokwemba ukunciphisa ukuhluzwa kunye nokuqina.

2. I-Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM)

Ulwakhiwo kunye neepropati:

I-Anionic PAM yipolymer enyibilikayo emanzini. Ngokuzisa la maqela e-anionic kwi-polymer backbone, i-APAM inokusabela ngezinto ezihlawuliswa kakuhle. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuntywila, ukudilika kunye nokucaciswa kwamanzi amdaka ahlukeneyo kwimizi-mveliso. Ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko ze-alkaline.

Isicelo:

- Ukucocwa kwamanzi: I-APAM isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumanzi okusela kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso. Iyakwazi ukudibanisa amaqhekeza amisiweyo ngokusebenzisa i-neutralization yombane okanye i-adsorption, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukucaca kwamanzi.

- Ishishini lephepha: Njengoncedo lokugcina kunye nokucoca, i-APAM inokuphucula ukusebenza kokucoca kwamanzi kwi-pulp kunye namandla ephepha.

- Imigodi kunye ne-Ore Dressing: Ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nokuchithwa kwe-ore, i-APAM inokukhuthaza ukuchithwa kwee-particle ore kunye nokuphucula izinga lokubuyisela i-ore.

- Ukuphuculwa Komhlaba: I-APAM inokuphucula ubume bomhlaba, inciphise ukukhukuliseka komhlaba, kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo kunye nezityalo.

3. I-Nonionic Polyacrylamide (i-Nonionic PAM, i-NPAM)

Ulwakhiwo neePropati:

I-PAM ye-Nonionic yi-polymer ephezulu ye-molecular okanye i-polyelectrolyte kunye nomlinganiselo othile we-polar genes kwi-chain yayo ye-molecular. Iyakwazi ukubhengeza iincinci eziqinileyo ezinqunyanyiswe emanzini kunye nebhuloho phakathi kweengqungquthela ukwenza i-floccules enkulu, ikhawuleze i-sedimentation yeengqungquthela ekumisweni, ikhawuleze ukucaciswa kwesisombululo, kwaye ikhuthaze ukuhluzwa. Ayinamaqela ahlawuliweyo kwaye ikakhulu yenziwe ngamaqela e-amide. Esi sakhiwo senza ukuba sibonise ukunyibilika okulungileyo kunye nokuzinza phantsi kweemeko ezingathathi hlangothi kunye ne-acidic ebuthakathaka. I-PAM ye-Nonionic ineempawu zobunzima obuphezulu be-molecular kwaye ayichaphazeli kakhulu ixabiso le-pH.

Isicelo:

- Unyango lwamanzi: I-NPAM ingasetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-turbidity ephantsi, amanzi ahlambulukileyo aphezulu, njengamanzi asekhaya kunye namanzi okusela. Inzuzo yayo kukuba inamandla okuguquguquka komgangatho wamanzi kunye ne-pH.

- Ishishini lelaphu kunye nelokudaya: Ekusetyenzweni kwelaphu, i-NPAM isetyenziswa njenge-thickener kunye ne-stabilizer ukuphucula ukunamathela kwedayi kunye nokufana kokudaya.

- Ishishini leMetallurgical: I-NPAM isetyenziswa njenge-lubricant kunye ne-coolant kwi-processing yesinyithi ukunciphisa ukukhuhla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

- EzoLimo kunye neHorticulture: Njengesixhobo sokunyakamisa umhlaba, i-NPAM inokuphucula amandla okugcina amanzi emhlabeni kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula kwezityalo.

I-Cationic, i-anionic kunye ne-nonionic polyacrylamide ineenkalo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo kunye nemiphumo ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo sekhemikhali esiyingqayizivele kunye neempawu zentlawulo. Ukuqonda kunye nokukhetha okufanelekileyoPAMuhlobo lunokuphucula ngokubonakalayo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neziphumo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamashishini ahlukeneyo.