Isebenza njani imichiza yepool yokuqubha?

Iikhemikhali zedama lokuqubhadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni umgangatho wamanzi kunye nokuqinisekisa amava okuqubha akhuselekileyo nayonwabisayo kubasebenzisi. Ezi khemikhali zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubulala iintsholongwane, ukucoca, ukulinganisa amanqanaba e-pH, kunye nokucacisa amanzi. Nantsi inkcazo eneenkcukacha zendlela ezisebenza ngayo:

I-Chlorine:

Iklorini mhlawumbi yeyona khemikhali isetyenziswa kakhulu kumadama okuqubha ukuze kubulawe iintsholongwane. Isebenza ngokukhupha i-hypochlorous acid xa inyibilika emanzini. I-Chlorine isebenza kakhulu ekubulaleni iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye ne-algae ekhoyo emanzini. I-Chlorine inokwenza i-oxidize izinto ezingcolisayo zezinto eziphilayo ezifana nokubila, i-oyile yomzimba, kunye nomchamo, ngaloo ndlela isusa ivumba elibi kunye nokugcina ukucaca kwamanzi.

Ibromine:

I-Bromine yenye i-chlorine, ehlala isetyenziswa kumachibi angaphakathi okanye i-spas. Njengeklorini, ibromine ikhupha i-hypobromous acid xa inyibilika emanzini, esebenza njengesibulali-ntsholongwane esinamandla. I-Bromine ayiguquguquki kangako kuneklorini kubushushu bamanzi aphezulu kwaye iyasebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH, iyenza ilungele amaqula amancinane angaphakathi okanye iindawo zokuzipholela apho ukuguquguquka kwe-pH kuxhaphakile.

Abalungelelanisi be-pH:

Ukugcina i-pH yamanzi echibini kubalulekile ekubulaleni iintsholongwane okusebenzayo kunye nokuthintela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba kunye namehlo. Izilungisi ze-pH ezifana ne-sodium carbonate (pH plus) kunye ne-sodium bisulfate (pH minus) zisetyenziselwa ukunyusa okanye ukuthoba i-pH, ngokulandelanayo. Amanqanaba e-pH afanelekileyo aqinisekisa ukuba ezinye iikhemikhali, ngakumbi i-chlorine okanye i-bromine, zihlala zisebenza.

Abalungisi beAlkalinity:

I-alkalinity iyonke ibhekisa kumandla wamanzi okumelana nokutshintsha kwe-pH. Isodium bicarbonate iqhele ukusetyenziswa ukunyusa ialkalinity iyonke emanzini echibini. Amanqanaba afanelekileyo e-alkalinity anceda ukuzinzisa i-pH kunye nokuthintela ukuguquguquka okukhawulezayo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-chlorine okanye i-bromine.

Izilungelelanisi zokuqina kweCalcium:

Ubulukhuni beCalcium bubhekisa kuxinzelelo lwe-calcium ion emanzini. Ubulukhuni bekhalsiyam esezantsi bunokukhokelela ekudlekeni komphezulu wamadama, ngelixa amanqanaba aphezulu anokubangela ukwakheka kwesikali. I-calcium chloride isetyenziselwa ukulungisa amanqanaba obunzima be-calcium kunye nokugcina ukulingana kwamanzi.

Amachiza e-algaecides:

I-algaecides ziikhemikhali ezenzelwe ukuthintela okanye ukulawula ukukhula kwe-algae kumadama okuqubha. Basebenza ngokuphazamisa i-algae cell membranes okanye ngokuthintela iphotosynthesis. I-algaecides iqulethe i-quaternary ammonium compounds, i-copper-based compounds, okanye iikhemikhali ze-polymeric ukulwa ngokufanelekileyo ne-algae.

Abacacisi:

Amanzi echibi anokuba namafu ngenxa yamasuntswana amisiweyo anje ngokungcola, ioyile, okanye ubumdaka. Abacacisi basebenza ngokudibanisa la masuntswana amancinane abe ngamaqela amakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba inkqubo yokucoca iwabambe kwaye iwasuse. I-Polyaluminium chloride okanye i-polymeric clarifiers isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kule njongo.

Unyango lokothuka:

Unyango olothukileyo lubandakanya ukongeza idosi egxininiswe kakhulu yeklorine okanye i-non-chlorine ukothuka ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza ungcoliseko lwendalo kunye nokubuyisela ukucaca kwamanzi kunye nococeko. Le nkqubo inceda ukuphula i-chloramines (i-chlorine edibeneyo), iphelisa ibhaktheriya kunye ne-algae, kwaye ivuselela ukusebenza kweklorini eqhelekileyo okanye i-bromine.

Ngamafutshane, iikhemikhali zamadama okuqubha zisebenza ngokudityaniswa kokubulala iintsholongwane, ukulawulwa kwe-pH, ukulinganisa amanzi, kunye nokuphucula ukuhluza ukugcina amanzi acocekileyo, acacileyo, nakhuselekileyo kwabaqubhayo. Ukuvavanya rhoqo kunye nokuthathwa kweekhemikhali ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ekufezekiseni umgangatho ophakamileyo wamanzi kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezifana nokukhula kwe-algae, ungcoliseko lwebhaktheriya kunye nomonakalo wezixhobo.