Zisebenza njani iikhemikhali zedama lokuqubha?

Iikhemikhali zedama lokuqubhazidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni umgangatho wamanzi nokuqinisekisa amava okudada akhuselekileyo namnandi kubasebenzisi. Ezi khemikhali zisebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokubulala iintsholongwane, ukucoca, ukulinganisela amanqanaba e-pH, kunye nokucacisa amanzi. Nantsi ingcaciso eneenkcukacha zendlela ezisebenza ngayo:

Ikhlorini:

I-chlorine mhlawumbi yeyona khemikhali isetyenziswa kakhulu emachibini okudada ukuze kubulawe iintsholongwane. Isebenza ngokukhupha i-hypochlorous acid xa inyibilikisiwe emanzini. I-chlorine isebenza kakhulu ekubulaleni iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye ne-algae ezikhoyo emanzini. I-chlorine ingakwazi nokunyibilikisa izinto eziphilayo ezifana nokubila, iioyile zomzimba kunye nomchamo, ngaloo ndlela isuse ivumba elibi kwaye igcine amanzi ecocekile.

I-Bromine:

I-Bromine yindlela eyahlukileyo endaweni ye-chlorine, edla ngokusetyenziswa kwiidama zangaphakathi okanye ii-spa. Njenge-chlorine, i-bromine ikhupha i-hypobromous acid xa inyibilikisiwe emanzini, esebenza njengesibulali-ntsholongwane esinamandla. I-Bromine ayiguquguquki kangako kune-chlorine kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu emanzini kwaye isebenza kuluhlu olubanzi lwe-pH, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwiidama ezincinci zangaphakathi okanye ii-spa apho ukuguquguquka kwe-pH kuxhaphakileyo.

Izilungisi ze-pH:

Ukugcina inqanaba le-pH yamanzi echibini kubalulekile ekubulaleni iintsholongwane ngempumelelo nasekuthinteleni ukurhawuzelelwa lusu namehlo. Izilungisi ze-pH ezifana ne-sodium carbonate (pH plus) kunye ne-sodium bisulfate (pH minus) zisetyenziselwa ukunyusa okanye ukwehlisa i-pH, ngokulandelelana. Amanqanaba e-pH afanelekileyo aqinisekisa ukuba ezinye iikhemikhali, ngakumbi i-chlorine okanye i-bromine, zihlala zisebenza.

Izilungisi ze-Alkalinity:

I-alkalinity iyonke ibhekisa kumandla amanzi okumelana notshintsho lwe-pH. I-sodium bicarbonate isetyenziswa rhoqo ukwandisa i-alkalinity iyonke emanzini echibi. Amanqanaba afanelekileyo e-alkalinity anceda ukuzinzisa i-pH kwaye athintele ukuguquguquka ngokukhawuleza, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-chlorine okanye i-bromine.

Izilungisi zoBulukhuni beCalcium:

Ukuqina kwekhalsiyam kubhekisa kuxinano lwee-ion zekhalsiyam emanzini. Ukuqina kwekhalsiyam ephantsi kunokukhokelela ekuboleni kwemiphezulu yedama, ngelixa amanqanaba aphezulu anokubangela ukwakheka kwezikali. Ikhalsiyam chloride isetyenziselwa ukulungisa amanqanaba okuqina kwekhalsiyam kunye nokugcina ibhalansi yamanzi.

IiAlgaecides:

Ii-algaecides ziikhemikhali ezenzelwe ukuthintela okanye ukulawula ukukhula kwe-algae kumadama okudada. Zisebenza ngokuphazamisa ii-membrane zeseli ze-algae okanye ukuthintela i-photosynthesis. Ii-algaecides ziqulethe ii-quaternary ammonium compounds, ii-compounds ezisekwe kwi-copper, okanye ii-polymeric chemicals zokulwa ngempumelelo ne-algae.

Izicacisi:

Amanzi edama anokuba namafu ngenxa yamasuntswana axhonyiweyo njengothuli, iioyile, okanye inkunkuma. Izihluzi zisebenza ngokuhlanganisa la masuntswana mancinci abe ngamaqela amakhulu, okwenza kube lula kwinkqubo yokucoca ukubamba nokuwasusa. Izihluzi zePolyaluminum chloride okanye ii-polymeric zisetyenziswa kakhulu kule njongo.

Unyango Lokothuka:

Unyango lomothuko lubandakanya ukongeza idosi exineneyo ye-chlorine okanye i-non-chlorine shock ukuze i-oxidize ngokukhawuleza izinto eziphilayo ezingcolisayo kwaye ibuyisele ukucaca kwamanzi kunye nococeko. Le nkqubo inceda ekuqhekezeni ii-chloramines (i-chlorine edibeneyo), isuse iibhaktheriya kunye ne-algae, kwaye ivuselele ukusebenza kwe-chlorine okanye i-bromine eqhelekileyo.

Ngamafutshane, iikhemikhali zedama lokudada zisebenza ngokudibanisa ukubulala iintsholongwane, ukulawulwa kwe-pH, ukulinganisela amanzi, kunye nokuphucula ukuhluza ukugcina amanzi acocekileyo, acacileyo, kwaye akhuselekileyo kubabhukudi. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo kunye nomthamo ofanelekileyo weekhemikhali kubalulekile ekufezekiseni umgangatho wamanzi ofanelekileyo kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezinje ngokukhula kwe-algae, ungcoliseko lweebhaktheriya, kunye nomonakalo wezixhobo.