Yintoni esetyenziselwa iPolyacrylamide ekunyangweni kwamanzi?

I-Polyacrylamide(PAM) yipolymer enobunzima obukhulu beemolekyuli esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokunyanga amanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ineentlobo ngeentlobo zeemolekyuli, ii-ionities, kunye nezakhiwo ezilungele iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwaye inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso kwiimeko ezikhethekileyo. Ngokusebenzisa umbane ongathathi hlangothi kunye nokufunxwa kwepolymer kunye nokudibanisa, i-PAM inokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa okukhawulezileyo kunye nokutsalwa kweenxalenye ezixhonyiweyo, iphucule umgangatho wamanzi. Eli nqaku liza kujonga ukusetyenziswa kunye nefuthe le-PAM kunyango lwamanzi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Kwinkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka emakhaya, i-PAM isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuthuthwa kwamanzi amdaka kunye nokukhupha amanzi amdaka. Ngokunciphisa iipropati zombane kunye nokusebenzisa iziphumo zokudibanisa amanzi, i-PAM inokukhawulezisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo emanzini ukuze zenze ii-flocs zamasuntswana amakhulu. Ezi flocs kulula ukuzihlalisa nokuzihluza, ngaloo ndlela zisusa ukungcola emanzini ngempumelelo kwaye zifezekise injongo yokucoca umgangatho wamanzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-PAM kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca amanzi amdaka kwaye kunciphise iindleko zonyango.

Kwicandelo lokwenza iphepha, i-PAM isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesixhobo sokugcina, isixhobo sokucoca, isixhobo sokusasaza, njl. Ngokongeza i-PAM, izinga lokugcina izizalisi kunye neefayibha ezincinci ephepheni linokuphuculwa, kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziluhlaza, kwaye kuphuculwe ukusebenza kokuhluzwa kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni wepulp. Ukongeza, i-PAM ingasebenza njengesizinzisi se-polymer esingeyiyo i-silicon kwinkqubo yokumhlopheza, iphucula ubumhlophe kunye nokukhanya kwephepha.

Kunyango lwamanzi amdaka ezityalo ezisebenzisa utywala,I-PAMisetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo yokukhupha amanzi kwidaka. Kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa utywala ngezinto ezahlukeneyo eziluhlaza kunye neenkqubo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka, kubalulekile ukukhetha i-cationic polyacrylamide ene-ionicity efanelekileyo kunye nobunzima beemolekyuli. Uvavanyo lokukhetha ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ze-beaker zovavanyo yenye yeendlela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu.

Amanzi amdaka okutya, kunye nomxholo ophezulu wezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo ezixotyulweyo, afuna iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokunyanga. Indlela yendabuko ibandakanya ukutsalwa kwenkunkuma emzimbeni kunye nokubiliswa kwezinto eziphilayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, ii-polymer flocculants zihlala ziyimfuneko ekuphelisweni kodaka kunye neminye imisebenzi yonyango. Uninzi lwee-flocculants ezisetyenziswa kule nkqubo ziimveliso zochungechunge lwe-cationic polyacrylamide. Ukukhetha imveliso efanelekileyo ye-polyacrylamide kufuna ukuqwalasela impembelelo yotshintsho lwemozulu (ubushushu) ekukhetheni i-flocculant, ukukhetha ubunzima beemolekyuli ezifanelekileyo kunye nexabiso letshaja ngokusekelwe kubungakanani be-floc obufunekayo kwinkqubo yonyango, kunye nezinye izinto. Ukongeza, kufuneka kunikwe ingqalelo kwimiba efana neemfuno zenkqubo kunye nezixhobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-flocculants.

Kwi-electronic kunye ne-electroplating water waste, i-PAM isetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-I-Flocculantkunye ne-precipitant. Ngokunciphisa iipropati zombane kunye nokusebenzisa iziphumo zokudibanisa i-bridging, i-PAM inokudibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ihlalise ii-ion zesinyithi esinzima emanzini amdaka. Kule nkqubo, ngokubanzi kuyimfuneko ukongeza i-sulfuric acid emanzini amdaka ukuze ulungise ixabiso le-pH libe yi-2-3 uze wongeze i-reducing agent. Kwitanki elandelayo yokusabela, sebenzisa i-NaOH okanye i-Ca(OH)2 ukuze ulungise ixabiso le-pH libe yi-7-8 ukuze uvelise ii-precipitates ze-Cr(OH)3. Emva koko yongeza i-coagulant ukuze unciphise kwaye ususe i-Cr(OH)3. Ngale nkqubo yonyango, i-PAM inceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle konyango lwamanzi amdaka lwe-elektroniki kunye ne-electroplating kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo wee-ion zesinyithi esinzima kwindalo esingqongileyo.