Unyango lwamanzi luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nempilo yoluntu, kwaye injongo yalo kukuqinisekisa umgangatho wamanzi okhuselekileyo kunye nokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezicelo ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kweendlela ezininzi zokunyanga amanzi,i-polyaluminum chloride(PAC) ikhethwa kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nefuthe layo elisebenzayo lokujiya.
Isiphumo sokujiya kakuhle: I-PAC inamandla okujiya kakuhle kwaye inokususa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola okufana nezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, ii-colloids kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezinganyibilikiyo emanzini kwaye iphucule umgangatho wamanzi.
Indlela esebenza ngayo i-polyaluminium chloride (PAC) njenge-coagulant ibandakanya ikakhulu ukucinezelwa komaleko ombane ophindwe kabini, ukunganyamezeli kwetshaja kunye nokubamba i-net. Ukucinezelwa komaleko ombane ophindwe kabini kuthetha ukuba emva kokongeza i-PAC emanzini, ii-ion ze-aluminium kunye nee-ion ze-chloride zenza umaleko wokutsalwa kwamanzi kumphezulu wee-particles ze-colloidal, ngaloo ndlela zicinezela umaleko ombane ophindwe kabini kumphezulu wee-particles ze-colloidal, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zingasebenzi kwaye ziqine; ukutsalwa kwamanzi yi-cations kwii-molecules ze-PAC ziyatsalana kwaye ii-charges ezingalunganga kumphezulu wee-particles ze-colloidal, zenze isakhiwo "sebhulorho" ukudibanisa ii-particles ezininzi ze-colloidal; isiphumo se-net sibangelwa kukufakwa kwamanzi kunye nesiphumo sokutsalwa kwamanzi kwii-molecules ze-PAC kunye nee-particles ze-colloidal, ezitsalwa amanzi kwii-particles ze-colloidal. Zibanjwe kwinethiwekhi yee-molecules ze-coagulant.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi e-Polyaluminum chloride
Xa ithelekiswa nee-flocculants ezingaphiliyo, iphucule kakhulu isiphumo sokutshintsha umbala kweedayi. Indlela esebenza ngayo kukuba i-PAC inokukhuthaza iimolekyuli zedayi ukuba zenze ii-flocs ezincinci ngokucinezela okanye ukuthomalalisa umaleko ombane ophindwe kabini.
Xa i-PAM isetyenziswa kunye ne-PAC, iimolekyuli ze-anionic organic polymer zingasebenzisa isiphumo sokuqhawula iintambo zazo ezinde zeemolekyuli ukuvelisa ii-flocs ezityebileyo ngentsebenziswano yearhente yokuzinzisa. Le nkqubo inceda ekuphuculeni isiphumo sokuzinza kwaye yenza ii-ion zesinyithi esinzima zibe lula ukuzisusa. Ukongeza, inani elikhulu lamaqela e-amide aqulethwe kwiintambo ezisecaleni zeemolekyuli ze-anionic polyacrylamide zinokwenza ii-ionic bonds nge--SON kwiimolekyuli zedayi. Ukwakheka kwale khemikhali kunciphisa ukunyibilika kwe-organic flocculant emanzini, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthaza ukwakheka ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuna kwe-flocs. Le ndlela yokubopha enzulu yenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba ii-ion zesinyithi esinzima ziphume, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nesiphumo sonyango.
Ngokuphathelele ukususwa kwe-phosphorus, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-polyaluminum chloride akunakujongwa. Xa idityaniswe namanzi amdaka aqulethe i-phosphorus, inokuyi-hydrolyze ukuvelisa ii-ion zesinyithi ze-aluminium ezintathu. Le ion ibopha kwi-phosphates ezinyibilikayo emanzini amdaka, iguqule le yokugqibela ibe yi-phosphate precipitates enganyibilikiyo. Le nkqubo yokuguqula isusa ngokufanelekileyo ii-ion ze-phosphate emanzini amdaka kwaye inciphisa impembelelo embi ye-phosphorus kwiindawo zamanzi.
Ukongeza kwimpendulo ethe ngqo ne-phosphate, isiphumo sokujiya kwe-polyaluminum chloride sikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokususa i-phosphorus. Ingafezekisa ukufunxwa kunye nokuvalwa ngokucinezela umaleko wetshaja kumphezulu wee-ion ze-phosphate. Le nkqubo ibangela ukuba ii-phosphates kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo eziphilayo emanzini amdaka zijiye ngokukhawuleza zibe ziingceba, zenze ii-flocs ezilula ukuzinza.
Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kwizinto eziqinileyo ezixotyulweyo eziveliswe emva kokongeza i-agent yokususa i-phosphorus, i-PAC isebenzisa indlela yayo yokubamba i-net-catching kunye ne-strong charge neatization effect ukukhuthaza ukukhula kancinci kunye nokuqina kwezi zinto ziqinileyo ezixotyulweyo, zize emva koko zijiye, zihlangane, kwaye zijikeleze zibe ngamasuntswana amakhulu. Ezi suntswana emva koko zihlala kumaleko osezantsi, kwaye ngokwahlukana kolwelo oluqinileyo, ulwelo olungaphezulu lunokukhutshwa, ngaloo ndlela lufezekisa ukususwa kwe-phosphorus ngokufanelekileyo. Olu luhlu lweenkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zomzimba nezekhemikhali luqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza konyango lwamanzi amdaka, lubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiqinileyo sokukhuselwa kwendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezixhobo zamanzi.
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-10-2024