Iikhemikhali zoNyango

Unyango lwamanzi amdaka yinkqubo entsonkothileyo efuna ukusetyenziswa kweendimikhali zeekhemikhali ukunceda ukucoca amanzi. I-Decccushuyo yenye yeekhemikhali ezibalulekileyo ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yonyango lwe-loge. Eli nqaku liza kuzisa ngokweenkcukacha umthamo weekhemera zonyango, amashishini okusetyenziswa kweeflweunts kunyango lwe-logeres, indima yeekhemikhali zokuntywila, kunye nezilumkiso zokusebenzisa i-scaccounts.

Umthamo weekhemisi zonyango lwe-loges kuxhomekeke kumgangatho wokuntywila, inkqubo yonyango kunye neemeko zezo meko. Oku kulandelayo yimizekelo yemida yemichiza eminye yemichiza exhaphakileyo:

I-Posyaluminum chloride (i-PAC):Iqhelekile njengedyculant, inokusabela ngamasuntswana angabizi amasuntswana e-colloidal ukuvelisa i-Hydroxide vimes ukususa iinyibilikisi ezinqunyanyisiweyo kunye nee-ions ezinzima. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, umthamo ngetoni nganye yamanzi e-Raw malunga namashumi eegrensi, kodwa umthamo wokwenyani kufuneka uhlengahlengiswe ngokomgangatho wamanzi olwenzi kunye neemeko zenkqubo.

I-Polyacrylamlam (Pam):isetyenziswe njenge-vielant yokuphucula ukuqina kunye nokuzinza kwefloc. Ngokubanzi isetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo ne-pollolitinium pheride, idosi nganye yamanzi e-RAN imalunga negram embalwa, kodwa owona mthamo kufuneka uhlengahlengiswe ngokufanelekileyo ngokweemeko zenkqubo.

I-Dloccungs isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kunyango lwamanzi amdaka, ikakhulu kubandakanya la macandelo alandelayo:

Unyango lwamanzi amdaka omhlaba: amanzi amdaka anemizi-mveliso iqukethe isixa esikhulu seenyibilikisi, ii-ions ezinzima zentsimbi kunye nokungcoliseka kwendalo. Ukusetyenziswa kweedlikitywe kunokususa kakuhle ezi zinto zingcolisayo kwaye nyuse amanzi amdaka.

Unyango lwe-sewage yasekhaya Ukusetyenziswa kweedlikitywe kunokususa kakuhle ezi zinto zingcolisekileyo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi.

Unyango lwamanzi amdaka asezifama: Amanzi amdaka asefama aqukethe inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo, i-Amonia nitrogen kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ukusetyenziswa kweedlikitywe kunokususa kakuhle ezi zinto zingcolisekileyo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi.

Amanzi amdaka omzi-mveliso: Ukusetyenziswa kweedlelo ezinqamlezileyo kunokususa i-foltids enqunyanyisiweyo, ii-ions ezinzima zentsimbi kunye nokungcoliseka kwendalo emanzini kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi.

Imisebenzi yeekhemikhali ze-Debage ikakhulu ibandakanya ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

Ukususwa kwezinyibilikisi ezinqunyanyisiweyo: Ngesenzo sezinto ezinqamlekileyo, i-slids enqunyanyisiweyo kumanzi amdaka ayahlulahlulwa kwi-clumplops ukulungiselela ukwenziwa kwe-sediment kunye nokufihla.

Ukususwa kwee-ions ezinzima zentsimbi: ngesenzo sezinto eziphilayo, ii-ions ezinzima zentsimbi kumanzi amdaka ziguqulwa zibe kwi-hydroxite precipitates zokususwa ngokulula.

Ukususwa kwemibutho ye-organic: ngesenzo sezinto eziphilayo, ukungcoliseka kwe-organic kumanzi amdaka aguqulwa ukuba baphumelele i-hydroxide okanye bakwenzekiwe kwezinye izinto ekususwe ngokulula.

Uhlengahlengiso: Lungisa i-PH yamanzi amdaka ngesenzo se-alkali okanye i-acid yokucoca amanzi amdaka.

Izinto zokuphawula xa usebenzisa i-scaccungs:

Khetha i-offcuctures efanelekileyo: Iiphantsi kwe-scactions ezahlukeneyo zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kunye neziphumo. Kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iflwela efanelekileyo ngokweyona meko.

Lawula umthamo wonyango: Umthamo owonelanga uya kuchaphazela isiphumo, kwaye imithamo egqithisileyo iya kubangela ilahleko kunye nelahleko yezoqoqosho. Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukulawula idosi efanelekileyo ngokwemeko.

Shuma ngokucokisekileyo: Shukumisa i-offcuscnt kunye namanzi kakuhle ukuba uchithe ngokupheleleyo kwaye usabele.

Nika ingqalelo kwixabiso lobushushu kunye nexabiso le-pH: Ixabiso lobushushu kunye nexabiso le-pH linempembelelo kwisiphumo seflocugunt kwaye kufuneka silawulwe ngononophelo.