Iimpawu ezintathu okufuneka uzibeke ingqalelo xa ukhetha i-PAM

Polyacrylamide(PAM) yi-organic polymer flocculant esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwintsimi yonyango lwamanzi. Iimpawu zobugcisa be-PAM ziquka i-ioncity, i-hydrolysis degree, ubunzima be-molecular, njl. Ezi zalathi zinempembelelo enkulu kwimpembelelo ye-flocculation yonyango lwamanzi. Ukuqonda ezi zalathisi kuya kukunceda ukhethe ngokukhawuleza iimveliso ze-PAM kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo.

I-Lonicity

I-Lonicity ibhekisela ekubeni i-PAM ye-molecular chain ithwala iintlawulo ezilungileyo okanye ezimbi. Iqondo le-ionization linempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwimpembelelo ye-flocculation yonyango lwamanzi. Ngokubanzi, okukhona ionicity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo seflocculation singcono. Oku kungenxa yokuba amatsheyina emolekyuli e-PAM ane-ionic kakhulu athwala iintlawulo ezininzi kwaye anokufunxa ngcono amasuntswana amisiweyo, abangele ukuba ahlangane kunye ukwenza iiflokhi ezinkulu.

I-Polyacrylamide ihlulwe kakhulu ibe yi-anionic (APAM), i-cationic (CPAM), kunye neentlobo ze-non-ionic (NPAM) ngokusekelwe kwi-ionicity yazo. Ezi ntlobo zintathu zePAM zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, i-ionicity efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nexabiso le-pH yamanzi ahlambulukileyo, i-electronegativity, kunye noxinaniso lwamasuntswana amisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, kumanzi amdaka ane-acidic, i-PAM ene-cationicity ephezulu kufuneka ikhethwe; kumanzi amdaka e-alkaline, i-PAM ene-anionicity ephezulu kufuneka ikhethwe. Ukongezelela, ukufezekisa umphumo ongcono we-flocculation, unokufumaneka ngokuxuba i-PAM kunye needigri ze-ionic ezahlukeneyo.

Isidanga seHydrolysis (ye-APAM)

Iqondo le-hydrolysis ye-PAM libhekisela kwiqondo le-hydrolysis yamaqela e-amide kwikhonkco layo le-molecular. Iqondo le-hydrolysis lingahlelwa ngokwemigangatho ephantsi, ephakathi, kunye nephezulu ye-hydrolysis. I-PAM enamadigri ahlukeneyo e-hydrolysis ineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa.

I-PAM eneqondo eliphantsi le-hydrolysis isetyenziselwa ubukhulu becala ukuqina kunye nokuzinzisa. Yandisa i-viscosity yesisombululo, ivumela iinqununu ezimisiweyo ukuba zihlakazeke ngcono. Isetyenziswa kakhulu ekugrumbeni ulwelo, ukoleka, kunye neshishini lokutya.

I-PAM eneqondo eliphakathi le-hydrolysis inesiphumo esihle se-flocculation kwaye ifanelekile kunyango olwahlukeneyo lomgangatho wamanzi. Iyakwazi ukuhlanganisa amasuntswana anqunyanyisiweyo ukwenza iiflocs ezinkulu ngokusebenzisa i-adsorption kunye ne-bridging, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukuzinza ngokukhawuleza. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo zokucocwa kogutyulo lwasezidolophini, ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngodaka.

I-PAM eneqondo eliphezulu le-hydrolysis ine-adsorption eyomeleleyo kunye ne-decolorization yamandla kwaye isoloko isetyenziselwa ukuprinta kunye nokudaya unyango lwamanzi amdaka kunye nezinye iindawo. Iyakwazi ukuthengisa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye isuse izinto ezinobungozi kumanzi amdaka, njengedayi, isinyithi esinzima, kunye ne-organic matter, ngeentlawulo kunye namaqela e-adsorption kwikhonkco le-polymer.

Ubunzima beMolekyuli

Ubunzima bemolekyuli yePAM ibhekisa kubude betsheyini yayo yemolekyuli. Ngokubanzi, ukuphakama kobunzima bemolekyuli, kokukhona ngcono isiphumo se-PAM. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubunzima obuphezulu bemolekyuli iPAM inokubhengeza ngcono amasuntswana amisiweyo, okubangela ukuba ahlangane kunye ukwenza iiflocs ezinkulu. Ngexesha elifanayo, ubunzima obuphezulu be-molecular PAM bunamandla okudibanisa kunye nokudibanisa, okunokuphucula amandla kunye nokuzinza kwe-floc.

Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, ubunzima bemolekyuli yePAM esetyenziselwa ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka asezidolophini kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso kufuna iimfuno eziphezulu, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwizigidi ukuya kwishumi lezigidi. Iimfuno ze-molecular weight PAM ezisetyenziselwa unyango lwe-sludge dehydration ziphantsi, ngokubanzi ukusuka kwizigidi ukuya kwishumi lezigidi.

Ekugqibeleni, izikhombisi ezifana ne-ionicity, i-hydrolysis degree, kunye nobunzima be-molecular zizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela umphumo wesicelo se-PAM kunyango lwamanzi. Xa ukhetha iimveliso ze-PAM, kufuneka uqwalasele ngokubanzi umgangatho wamanzi kwaye ukhethe ngokwezikhombisi zobugcisa be-PAM ukuze ufumane umphumo ongcono we-flocculation, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nomgangatho wonyango lwamanzi.