Iimpawu ezintathu ekufuneka uziqwalasele xa ukhetha i-PAM

I-Polyacrylamide(PAM) yi-organic polymer flocculant esetyenziswa kakhulu kwicandelo lokunyanga amanzi. Izalathisi zobugcisa ze-PAM ziquka i-ionicity, i-hydrolysis degree, ubunzima be-molecular, njl. Ezi zalathisi zinempembelelo enkulu kwisiphumo se-flocculation sokunyanga amanzi. Ukuqonda ezi zalathisi kuya kukunceda ukhethe ngokukhawuleza iimveliso ze-PAM ngeenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo.

Ubulolo

I-Lonicity ibhekisa ekubeni i-PAM molecular chain ithwala ii-charges ezilungileyo okanye ezimbi na. Iqondo le-ionization linempembelelo ebalulekileyo kwisiphumo se-flocculation sonyango lwamanzi. Ngokubanzi, i-ionity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo se-flocculation singcono. Oku kungenxa yokuba ii-PAM molecular chains ezine-ionic ephezulu zithwala ii-charges ezingaphezulu kwaye zinokufunxa ngcono amasuntswana axhonyiweyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ziqokelelene ndawonye ukuze zenze ii-flocs ezinkulu.

I-Polyacrylamide yahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ze-anionic (APAM), i-cationic (CPAM), kunye ne-non-ionic (NPAM) ngokusekelwe kwi-ionicity yazo. Ezi ntlobo zintathu ze-PAM zinemiphumo eyahlukileyo. Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, i-ionicity efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nexabiso le-pH lamanzi acociweyo, i-electronegativity, kunye noxinzelelo lwee-particles ezixhonyiweyo. Umzekelo, kumanzi amdaka ane-acidic, i-PAM ene-cationicity ephezulu kufuneka ikhethwe; kumanzi amdaka ane-alkaline, i-PAM ene-anionicity ephezulu kufuneka ikhethwe. Ukongeza, ukuze kufezekiswe isiphumo esingcono se-flocculation, inokufezekiswa ngokuxuba i-PAM kunye nee-ionic degrees ezahlukeneyo.

Inqanaba le-Hydrolysis (ye-APAM)

Iqondo le-hydrolysis ye-PAM libhekisa kwiqondo le-hydrolysis yamaqela e-amide kwi-molecular chain yayo. Iqondo le-hydrolysis linokwahlulwahlulwa libe ngamaqondo aphantsi, aphakathi, kunye namazinga aphezulu e-hydrolysis. I-PAM enamanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-hydrolysis ineempawu ezahlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi.

I-PAM enezinga eliphantsi le-hydrolysis isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuqina kunye nokuzinzisa. Iyandisa i-viscosity yesisombululo, ivumela amasuntswana axhonyiweyo ukuba asasazeke ngcono. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kulwelo lokugrumba, kwiingubo, nakwishishini lokutya.

I-PAM ene-hydrolysis ephakathi inefuthe elihle lokuqubha kwaye ifanelekile kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyanga umgangatho wamanzi. Ingadibanisa amasuntswana axhonyiweyo ukuze yenze ii-flocs ezinkulu ngokufunxa kunye nokudibanisa, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukuhlaliswa ngokukhawuleza. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkalo zokunyanga amdaka asezidolophini, unyango lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi kodaka.

I-PAM enezinga eliphezulu le-hydrolysis inamandla okufunxa nokususa umbala kwaye isetyenziswa rhoqo ekuprinteni nasekudayeni unyango lwamanzi amdaka nakwezinye iindawo. Ingafunxa kwaye isuse ngokufanelekileyo izinto ezinobungozi emanzini amdaka, njengeedayi, iintsimbi ezinzima, kunye nezinto eziphilayo, ngokusebenzisa iitshaja kunye namaqela okufunxa kwikhonkco le-polymer.

Ubunzima beMolekyuli

Ubunzima be-molecular be-PAM bubhekisa kubude be-molecular chain yayo. Ngokubanzi, xa ubunzima be-molecular buphezulu, kokukhona i-flocculation effect ye-PAM ingcono. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-PAM enobunzima be-molecular ephezulu inokufunxa ngcono amasuntswana axhonyiweyo, okubangela ukuba ahlangane ndawonye ukuze enze ii-flocs ezinkulu. Kwangaxeshanye, i-PAM enobunzima be-molecular ephezulu inamandla okubopha kunye nokudibanisa ngcono, anokuphucula amandla kunye nokuzinza kwe-floc.

Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, ubunzima be-molecular be-PAM obusetyenziswa ekucoceni amdaka asezidolophini kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso bufuna iimfuno eziphezulu, ngokubanzi ziqala kwizigidi ukuya kumashumi ezigidi. Iimfuneko zobunzima be-molecular be-PAM ezisetyenziswa ekulungiseni amanzi amdaka ziphantsi kakhulu, ngokubanzi ziqala kwizigidi ukuya kumashumi ezigidi.

Ukuqukumbela, izalathisi ezifana ne-ionicity, i-hydrolysis degree, kunye nobunzima be-molecular zizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela isiphumo sokusetyenziswa kwe-PAM kunyango lwamanzi. Xa ukhetha iimveliso ze-PAM, kufuneka uqwalasele ngokupheleleyo umgangatho wamanzi kwaye ukhethe ngokwezalathisi zobugcisa ze-PAM ukuze ufumane isiphumo esihle kakhulu se-flocculation, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nomgangatho wonyango lwamanzi.