Yeyiphi ikhemikhali esetyenziselwa i-Flocculation?

Ukuqunjelwa kwe-Flocculationyinkqubo esetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ingakumbi kunyango lwamanzi kunye nonyango lwamanzi amdaka, ukuhlanganisa amasuntswana axhonyiweyo kunye nee-colloids zibe ngamasuntswana amakhulu e-floc. Oku kwenza kube lula ukususwa kwawo ngokusebenzisa i-sedimentation okanye i-filtration. Iikhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa i-flocculants zaziwa ngokuba zii-flocculants. Enye yezona flocculants zixhaphakileyo nezisetyenziswa kakhulu yi-polyacrylamide.

I-Polyacrylamideyipolymer eyenziwe ngee-acrylamide monomers. Ifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-anionic, i-cationic, kunye ne-non-ionic, nganye inezicelo ezithile. Ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-polyacrylamide kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwee-particles emanzini kunye nesiphumo esifunekayo senkqubo ye-flocculation.

I-Anionic polyacrylamide ayinayo i-charge kwaye idla ngokusetyenziswa ekunyangweni kwamanzi amdaka aqulethe amasuntswana atshajiweyo afana nodongwe kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Kwelinye icala, i-Cationic polyacrylamide ine-charge kwaye isebenza kakuhle ekunyangeni amanzi ngamasuntswana atshajiweyo kakubi afana nezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kunye nodaka. I-non-ionic polyacrylamide ayinayo i-charge kwaye ifanelekile ekushukumiseni uluhlu olubanzi lwamasuntswana.

Ii-flocculants zePolyacrylamide zisebenza ngokufunxa phezu komphezulu wee-particles, zenze ii-bridge phakathi kwazo, kwaye zenze ii-aggregates ezinkulu. Ii-floc eziphumayo kulula ukuzihlalisa okanye ukuzihluza ziphume emanzini. I-Polyacrylamide ikhethwa ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu beemolekyuli, nto leyo ephucula ubuchule bayo bokuqubha kunye nokuqubha.

Ngaphandle kwe-polyacrylamide, nezinye iikhemikhali zisetyenziselwa ukuqubha, kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zenkqubo yonyango.I-Aluminium Sulfate(i-alum) kunye ne-ferric chloride, zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekucoceni amanzi. Ezi khemikhali zenza i-metal hydroxide flocs xa zongezwa emanzini, zinceda ekususeni amasuntswana axhonyiweyo.

I-Alum, ngakumbi, isetyenziswa kakhulu ekucaciseni amanzi kangangeminyaka emininzi. Xa ifakwa emanzini, i-alum ingena kwi-hydrolysis, yenze i-aluminium hydroxide flocs ebamba ukungcola. Ii-flocs zinokuthi zihlale, kwaye amanzi acacisiweyo anokwahlulwa kwi-sediment.

Ukufunxa amanzi linyathelo elibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zonyango lwamanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukususwa kokungcola nokuvelisa amanzi acocekileyo. Ukukhethwa kwe-flocculant kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neempawu zamanzi afanele ukunyangwa, uhlobo lwamasuntswana akhoyo, kunye nesiphumo sonyango esifunekayo. I-Polyacrylamide kunye nezinye ii-flocculants zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka, zinegalelo ekuboneleleni ngamanzi akhuselekileyo nanokuselwa ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.