Ezinye Iingcamango Ezibalulekileyo
- Umxholo weChlorine okhoyo
- I-Chlorine yasimahla kunye ne-Chlorine edibeneyo
- I-Cyanuric Acid
- Ukothuka kweChlorine
1.1. Iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane
1.1.1. Ukubulala iintsholongwane ngeChlorine
1.1.2. Ukubulala iintsholongwane ngeBromine
1.2.1. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-pH
Iikhemikhali zedama lokuqubha - Oko Ufanele Ukwazi
Ehlotyeni elishushu, ukudada kube lolona khetho lokuqala kwimisebenzi yokuzonwabisa. Akuzisi nje kuphela ukupholisa novuyo, kodwa kunceda abantu bahlale besempilweni. Emva koko, ukugcinwa kwechibi kubaluleke kakhulu, okunxulumene ngqo nokhuseleko lwamanzi echibi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo. Eli nqaku libonisa uthotho lwezisombululo zobungcali nezigqibeleleyo kwiingxaki eziqhelekileyo ekugcinweni kwechibi, ezenzelwe ukunceda abaphathi bechibi kunye nabadada ukuba bajongane lula nezi ngxaki kwaye bonwabele indawo yokudada ecocekileyo, ekhuselekileyo nekhululekileyo.
Ngaphambi kwenqaku, makhe sijonge ezinye iingcamango ezibalulekileyo eziza kusinceda siqonde oku kulandelayo.
Umxholo weChlorine okhoyo:Ibhekisa kubungakanani bekhlorini enokuthi ikhloride ikwazi ukuyinyibilikisa, ngokuqhelekileyo ngohlobo lwepesenti, oluhambelana nokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukubulala iintsholongwane.
I-Chlorine yasimahla (FC) kunye ne-Combined Chlorine (CC):I-chlorine ekhululekileyo yi-asidi okanye i-hypochlorite ekhululekileyo, ayinavumba, inamandla aphezulu okubulala iintsholongwane; I-chlorine edibeneyo yimpendulo ene-nitrogen ye-ammonia, njengokubila nomchamo, ukuvelisa i-chloramine, ayinayo nje kuphela ivumba elinamandla lokucaphukisa, kodwa ikwanawo namathuba amancinci okubulala iintsholongwane. Xa kungekho chlorine yaneleyo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu le-nitrogen ye-ammonia, i-chlorine edibeneyo iya kwakheka.
I-Cyanuric Acid (i-CYA):I-CYA, ekwaziyo nokugcina amanzi echibini ezinzile, inokugcina i-hypochlorous acid izinzile echibini kwaye ithintele ukubola kwayo ngokukhawuleza phantsi kwelanga, ngaloo ndlela iqinisekisa ukuqina kwesiphumo sokubulala iintsholongwane. Oku kunokuthintela ngempumelelo ukukhula kweebhaktheriya kunye ne-algae, kwaye kugcine amanzi ecocekile kwaye ecocekile. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inqanaba le-CYA. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amanqanaba e-CYA akufuneki adlule kwi-100 ppm.
Umothuko weChlorine:Ngokwandisa i-chlorine echibini, inqanaba le-chlorine emanzini liya kunyuka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha elifutshane ukuze kufezekiswe ukubulala iintsholongwane ngokukhawuleza, ukubulala iintsholongwane okanye ukusombulula iingxaki zomgangatho wamanzi.
Ngoku, siza kuxoxa ngokusesikweni ngendlela yokusombulula iingxaki ekugcinweni kwedama lokuqubha.
Iikhemikhali zedama lokubhukuda -- Isitshixo sokugcina umgangatho wamanzi edama lokubhukuda lisemgangathweni
>1.1 Isicoci seDama lokuqubha -- Sibulala iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane
Umgangatho ogqibeleleyo wamanzi ufuna ucoceko olufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ababhukudi abayi kosulela izifo ezibangelwa ngamanzi. Ukusebenzisa izibulali-ntsholongwane ngokufanelekileyo kunokuqinisekisa oku. Ngokubanzi, ukubulala iintsholongwane nge-chlorine, ukubulala iintsholongwane nge-bromine kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane nge-PHMB zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zokubulala iintsholongwane emachibini okudada.
1.1.1 Ukubulala iintsholongwane ngeChlorine
Ukubulala iintsholongwane nge-chlorine kumachibi okudada yindlela eqhelekileyo nesebenzayo yonyango lomgangatho wamanzi. I-chlorine emanzini iya kuvelisa i-hypochlorous acid, enokutshabalalisa ulwakhiwo lweeseli zeebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane, ukuze kufezekiswe ukubulala iintsholongwane. Iikhemikhali ze-chlorine ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimarike yiSodium Dichloroisocyanurate, iTrichloroisocyanuric Acid kunye neCalcium Hypochlorite.
- I-Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate, kunye ne-SIDC okanye i-NaDCC, sisibulali-ntsholongwane esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiigranules ezimhlophe. Iqulethe i-chlorine ekhoyo engama-55%-60%, enokubulala ngempumelelo iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye nolwelwe, inika indawo yokudada ekhuselekileyo nesempilweni. I-SDIC ayikhuselekanga nje kuphela, kodwa inokugcinwa ixesha elide, isebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwemibini phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-SDIC inokunyibilika okuphezulu kunye nesantya sokunyibilika ngokukhawuleza, inokusetyenziswa kakuhle kunyango lokutshixwa kwedama lokudada, okwangoku, ayinampembelelo ingako kwinqanaba le-pH lamachibi okudada. Kwaye i-SDIC yi-chlorine ezinzileyo, ngoko ke akufuneki yongeze i-CYA. Ukongeza, iarhente ye-effervescent ingongezwa kwi-SDIC ukwenza iipilisi ze-effervescent, ezinesantya sokunyibilika esiphezulu kakhulu kuneepilisi ze-SDIC ezicocekileyo, kwaye zinokusetyenziselwa ukubulala iintsholongwane zasekhaya.
Cofa kwikhonkco ukuze ubone ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemveliso
Cofa kwikhonkco ukuze ubone ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemveliso
- I-Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (TCCA)ikwasisibulali-ntsholongwane esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu, esiqulathe ukuya kuthi ga kwi-90% ye-chlorine ekhoyo. Njenge-SDIC, i-TCCA yi-chlorine ezinzileyo engayifuniyo i-CYA xa isetyenziswa emachibini, kodwa iya kunciphisa inqanaba le-pH yamanzi echibini. Ngenxa yokuba i-TCCA inokunyibilika okuphantsi kunye nesantya sokunyibilika kancinci, ihlala ikwimo yeepilisi kwaye isetyenziswe kwi-feeders okanye kwi-dispenser. Kodwa ngenxa yolu phawu, i-TCCA inokukhupha rhoqo nangokuqhubekayo i-hypochlorous acid emanzini, ukuze igcine ichibi licocekile kwaye isiphumo sokubulala iintsholongwane ixesha elide. Ngaphandle koko, i-TCCA inokwenziwa ibe ziipilisi ezininzi ezineempawu ezincinci zokucacisa kunye nokubulala i-algae.
I-Calcium Hypochlorite, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-CHC, i-compound engaphiliyo ngendlela yamasuntswana amhlophe ukuya kwamhlophe, yenye yezibulali-ntsholongwane ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugcinweni kwedama lokubhukuda. Umxholo wayo we-chlorine okhoyo yi-65% okanye i-70%. Ngokungafaniyo ne-SDIC kunye ne-TCCA, i-CHC yi-chlorine engaguqukiyo kwaye ayinyusi inqanaba le-CYA edamini lokubhukuda. Ngoko ke ukuba kukho umba onzima womgangatho wamanzi ekufuneka ujongwane nawo kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu le-CYA edamini lokubhukuda, i-CHC lukhetho olufanelekileyo lokutshisa idama lokubhukuda. I-CHC inengxaki ngakumbi kunokusebenzisa ezinye izibulali-ntsholongwane ze-chlorine. Ngenxa yokuba i-CHC inento eninzi enganyibilikiyo, kufuneka inyibilikiswe kwaye icaciswe ngaphambi kokuba igalelwe edamini lokubhukuda.
Cofa kwikhonkco ukuze ubone ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemveliso
1.1.2 Ukubulala iintsholongwane ngeBromine
Ukubulala iintsholongwane nge-bromine kukwafumene udumo ekugcinweni kweedama ngenxa yempembelelo yayo ethambileyo nehlala ixesha elide yokubulala iintsholongwane. I-Bromine ikhona emanzini ngohlobo lwe-HBrO kunye ne-bromine ion (Br-), apho i-HBrO ine-oxidation enamandla kwaye inokubulala ngempumelelo iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane kunye nezinye iintsholongwane. I-Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin yikhemikhali esetyenziswa kakhulu ekubulaleni iintsholongwane nge-bromine.
I-Bromochlorodimethylhydantoin (BCDMH), uhlobo lwexabiso eliphezulu le-bromine disinfectant, edla ngokuba kwiipilisi ezimhlophe, ine-28% ye-chlorine ekhoyo kunye ne-60% ye-bromine ekhoyo. Ngenxa yokunyibilika kwayo okuphantsi kunye nesantya sokunyibilika kancinci, i-BCDMH isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo zokusela nakwiibhafu ezishushu. Nangona kunjalo, i-BCDMH bromine inevumba eliphantsi kune-chlorine, ngoko ke inciphisa ukucaphuka kwamehlo kunye nolusu lwababhukudi. Kwangaxeshanye, i-BCDMH izinzile kakuhle emanzini kwaye ayichaphazeleki lula yi-pH, i-ammonia nitrogen kunye namanqanaba e-CYA, nto leyo eqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukusebenza kwayo kokubulala iintsholongwane. Ngenxa yokuba i-bromine ayizukuzinziswa yi-CYA, lumka ungayisebenzisi kumachibi okudada angaphandle.
Cofa kwikhonkco ukuze ubone ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemveliso
1.1.3 PHMB / PHMG
I-PHMB, ulwelo olungenambala okanye isuntswana elimhlophe, imo yalo eqinileyo iyanyibilika kakhulu emanzini. Ukusebenzisa i-PHMB, kwelinye icala, akuvelisi ivumba le-bromine, ukuphepha ukurhawuzelelwa lusu, kwelinye icala, akufuneki kuqwalaselwe ingxaki yamanqanaba e-CYA. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-PHMB liphezulu, kwaye alihambelani neenkqubo ze-chlorine kunye ne-bromine, kwaye ukutshintsha kuyadinisa, ngoko ke ukuba inkqubo yokusebenzisa i-PHMB ayilandelwa ngokungqongqo, kuya kubakho ingxaki enkulu. I-PHMG inamandla afanayo ne-PHMB.
>Ibhalansi ye-pH ye-1.2
Inqanaba le-pH elifanelekileyo aligcini nje ngokwandisa ukusebenza kwesibulali-ntsholongwane, kodwa likwathintela ukugqwala kunye nokubekwa kwesikali. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-pH yamanzi imalunga ne-5-9, ngelixa i-pH efunekayo kumanzi echibi idla ngokuba phakathi kwe-7.2-7.8. Inqanaba le-pH libaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwechibi. Okukhona ixabiso liphantsi, kokukhona i-asidi iqina; Okukhona ixabiso liphezulu, kokukhona lisisiseko.
1.2.1 Inqanaba le-pH ephezulu (elingaphezulu kwe-7.8)
Xa i-pH ingaphezulu kwe-7.8, amanzi echibi aba yi-alkaline. I-pH ephezulu inciphisa ukusebenza kwe-chlorine echibini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ingasebenzi kakuhle ekubulaleni iintsholongwane. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zempilo yolusu kubabhukudi, amanzi echibi anamafu kunye nokukhula kwezixhobo zechibi. Xa i-pH iphezulu kakhulu, i-pH Minus (Sodium Bisulfate) ingongezwa ukunciphisa i-pH.
1.2.2 Inqanaba le-pH eliphantsi (ngaphantsi kwe-7.2)
Xa i-pH iphantsi kakhulu, amanzi echibini aya kuba ne-asidi aze akrale, nto leyo ebangela uthotho lweengxaki:
- Amanzi aneasidi anokucaphukisa amehlo abantu abadadayo kunye nemibhobho yempumlo aze omise ulusu neenwele zabo, ngaloo ndlela abangele ukurhawuzelelwa;
- Amanzi aneasidi anokonakalisa imiphezulu yesinyithi kunye nezixhobo zamachibi ezifana neeleli, iirelingi, izixhobo zokukhanyisa kunye nayo nayiphi na intsimbi kwiimpompo, izihluzi okanye izifudumezi;
- I-pH ephantsi emanzini inokubangela ukugqwala kunye nokonakala kwe-gypsum, isamente, ilitye, ikhonkrithi kunye neethayile. Nawuphi na umphezulu we-vinyl uya kuba buthathaka, okwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka nokukrazuka. Zonke ezi zimbiwa zinyibilikisiwe zibanjwa kwisisombululo samanzi echibi, nto leyo enokubangela ukuba amanzi echibi angcole kwaye abe namafu;
- Ukongeza, i-chlorine ekhululekileyo emanzini iya kulahleka ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yoko, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekukhuleni kweebhaktheriya kunye ne-algae.
Xa kukho inqanaba le-pH eliphantsi echibini, ungongeza i-pH Plus (iSodium Carbonate) ukunyusa i-pH ide i-pH yechibi ihlale kuluhlu lwe-7.2-7.8.
Qaphela: Emva kokulungisa inqanaba le-pH, qiniseka ukuba ulungisa i-alkalinity iyonke ibe kuluhlu oluqhelekileyo (60-180ppm).
1.3 I-Alkalinity iyonke
Ukongeza kwinqanaba le-pH elilinganayo, i-alkalinity iyonke ikwachaphazela uzinzo kunye nokhuseleko lomgangatho wamanzi echibini. I-alkalinity iyonke, ekwayi-TC, imele amandla okugcina i-pH emzimbeni wamanzi. I-TC ephezulu yenza ukuba ukulawulwa kwe-pH kube nzima kwaye kunokukhokelela ekwakhekeni kwesikali xa ubunzima be-calcium buphezulu kakhulu; I-TC ephantsi inokubangela ukuba i-pH ihambe, okwenza kube nzima ukuzinza ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo. Uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-TC yi-80-100 mg/L (kwiichibi ezisebenzisa i-chlorine ezinzileyo) okanye i-100-120 mg/L (kwiichibi ezisebenzisa i-chlorine ezinzileyo), okuvumela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-150 mg/L ukuba lichibi elifakwe iplastiki. Kucetyiswa ukuba kuvavanywe inqanaba le-TC kube kanye ngeveki.
Xa i-TC iphantsi kakhulu, iSodium Bicarbonate ingasetyenziswa; Xa i-TC iphezulu kakhulu, iSodium Bisulfate okanye iHydrochloric Acid ingasetyenziselwa ukuthomalalisa. Kodwa eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokunciphisa i-TC kukutshintsha amanzi angaphelelanga; Okanye yongeza i-asidi ukulawula i-pH yamanzi echibini angaphantsi kwe-7.0, kwaye usebenzise i-blower ukuvuthela umoya echibini ukususa i-carbon dioxide ide i-TC yehle iye kwinqanaba elifunekayo.
1.4 Ukuqina kweKhalsiyam
Ubunzima be-calcium (CH), oluvavanyo olusisiseko lokulinganisela amanzi, lunxulumene nokucaca kwechibi, ukuqina kwezixhobo kunye nentuthuzelo yomntu obhukudayo.
Xa amanzi echibi i-CH ephantsi, amanzi echibi aya kutshayela udonga lwechibi lekhonkrithi, kwaye kulula ukulikhupha; I-CH ephezulu yamanzi echibi inokukhokelela ngokulula ekwakhekeni kwezikali kwaye inciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-copper algaecide. Kwangaxeshanye, ukukala kuya kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokudlulisa ubushushu kweheater. Kucetyiswa ukuba kuvavanywe ubunzima bamanzi echibi kube kanye ngeveki. Uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-CH yi-180-250 mg/L (ichibi elineplastiki) okanye i-200-275 mg/L (ichibi lekhonkrithi).
Ukuba kukho i-CH ephantsi echibini, inokwandiswa ngokongeza iCalcium Chloride. Kwinkqubo yokongeza, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukulawula idosi kunye nokusasazwa okufanayo ukuze kuthintelwe uxinano olugqithisileyo lwendawo. Ukuba i-CH iphezulu kakhulu, i-scale remover ingasetyenziselwa ukususa i-scale. Xa uyisebenzisa, nceda ulandele imiyalelo ngokungqongqo ukuze uphephe ukonakala kwezixhobo zechibi kunye nomgangatho wamanzi.
1.5 Ukuxinana
Ukuxinana kwamanzi kukwaluphawu olubalulekileyo ekugcinweni kwamanzi echibini. Amanzi echibi anamafu awayi kuchaphazela kuphela inkangeleko kunye nokuvakala kwechibi, kodwa aya kunciphisa nefuthe lokubulala iintsholongwane. Umthombo ophambili wokuxinana kwamanzi ngamasuntswana axhonyiweyo echibini, anokususwa zi-flocculant. I-flocculant eqhelekileyo yi-Aluminium Sulfate, ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa i-PAC, ewe, kukho abantu abambalwa abasebenzisa i-PDADMAC kunye ne-Pool Gel.
1.5.1 I-Aluminium Sulfate
I-Aluminium Sulfate(ekwabizwa ngokuba yiAlum) yi-flocculant egqwesileyo yedama egcina idama lakho licocekile kwaye licocekile. Kwindlela yokucoca idama, i-alum iyanyibilika emanzini ukuze yenze ii-floc ezitsala kwaye zibopha kwizinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo kunye nezinto ezingcolisayo edamini, okwenza kube lula ukwahlukana namanzi. Ngokukodwa, i-alum enyibilikiswe emanzini inyibilika kancinci kancinci ukuze yenze i-Al(OH)3 colloid etshajiweyo kakuhle, efunxa amasuntswana axhonyiweyo atshajiweyo kakuhle emanzini ize idibane ngokukhawuleza kwaye ifikelele ezantsi. Emva koko, i-sediment inokwahlulwa namanzi ngemvula okanye ukuhluzwa. Nangona kunjalo, i-alum ineengxaki, oko kukuthi, xa kukho ubushushu bamanzi obuphantsi, ukwakheka kwee-floc kuya kuhamba kancinci kwaye kukhululeke, okuchaphazela impembelelo yokuxinana kunye nokuxinana kwamanzi.
Cofa kwikhonkco ukuze ubone ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemveliso
1.5.2 I-Polyaluminum Chloride
I-Polyaluminum Chloride(PAC) ikwayikhompawundi esetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangweni kwamanzi echibini lokudada. Yi-inorganic polymer flocculant edlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni umgangatho wamanzi ngokususa ngokufanelekileyo amasuntswana axhonyiweyo, ii-colloids kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Kwangaxeshanye, i-PAC inokususa ne-algae efileyo echibini ukulawula ukukhula kwe-algae. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-alum kunye ne-PAC zii-aluminium flocculants. Xa usebenzisa i-aluminium flocculant, kuyimfuneko ukuyinyibilikisa i-flocculant ngaphambi kokuyongeza echibini, uze uyivumele ipompo isebenze ide i-flocculant isasazeke ngokupheleleyo nangokulinganayo emanzini echibi. Emva koko, cima ipompo kwaye uhlale ungashukumi. Xa inkunkuma izika ezantsi kwechibi, kufuneka usebenzise i-vacuum cleaner ukuze uyifunxe.
Cofa kwikhonkco ukuze ubone ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemveliso
1.5.3 I-PDADMAC kunye ne-Pool Gel
I-PDADMAC kunye ne-Pool Gelzombini zii-flocculants eziphilayo. Xa zisetyenziswa, ii-floc ezenziweyo ziya kuhluzwa sisihluzi sesanti, kwaye khumbula ukuhlamba isihluzi emva kokugqiba i-flocculation. Xa usebenzisa i-PDADMAC, kufuneka ichithwe ngaphambi kokuba yongezwe echibini, ngelixa i-Pool Gel kufuneka ibekwe kuphela kwi-skimmer, nto leyo elula kakhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-alum kunye ne-PAC, ukusebenza kwe-flocculation kuzo zombini kuphantsi kakhulu.
Cofa kwikhonkco ukuze ubone ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemveliso
1.6 Ukukhula kweAlgae
Ukukhula kwe-algae kumadama okudada yingxaki eqhelekileyo neyingxaki. Ayizukuchaphazela kuphela ukubonakala kwedama ukuze amanzi edama abe namafu, kodwa inokubangela ukuba iintsholongwane zizalane, nto leyo echaphazela impilo yabadada. Ngoku masithethe ngendlela yokusombulula ingxaki ye-algae ngokugqibeleleyo.
1.6.1 Iintlobo zeAlgae
Okokuqala, kufuneka sazi ukuba zeziphi ii-algae ezikhoyo echibini.
Ulwelwe oluluhlaza:Eyona algae ixhaphakileyo emachibini, esi sisityalo esincinci esiluhlaza. Asinakuphela nje ngokudada emanzini echibi ukuze amanzi echibi abe luhlaza, kodwa sinokunamathela eludongeni okanye ezantsi kwechibi ukuze lityibilike.
I-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka:Olu luhlobo lwebhaktheriya, oluhlala lukwimo yemicu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza, okanye emnyama edadayo ekhula kakhulu. Kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana ne-algicides kune-algae eluhlaza.
I-algae etyheli:Le yi-chromista. Ikhula eludongeni nasemagumbini echibi elikhanyiswe ngasemva kwaye idla ngokuvelisa amabala atyheli, agolide, okanye amdaka-luhlaza. I-algae etyheli iyakwazi ukumelana ne-algicides, kodwa i-copper algicides idla ngokusebenza kakuhle.
Ulwelwe olumnyama:Njenge-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, olu luhlobo lwebhaktiriya. I-Black algae idla ngokukhula kumachibi okudada ekhonkrithi, ivelisa amabala amnyama anamafutha, amdaka, okanye aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye imivimbo enobukhulu bencam yepensile eludongeni lwedama. Ngenxa yokuba i-black algae imelana kakhulu ne-algicides, idla ngokususwa kuphela ngoxinzelelo olukhulu lwe-chlorine shock kunye nokukhuhla ngononophelo.
Ulwelwe olupinki:Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-algae, le yi-fungus ebonakala kufutshane nomda wamanzi kwaye ibonakala njengamabala apinki okanye imida. Iityuwa ze-ammonium ze-quaternary zinokubulala i-algae epinki, kodwa kuba zivela kufutshane nomda wamanzi kwaye azidibananga namanzi echibini, impembelelo yeekhemikhali emanzini ayilunganga kwaye idla ngokufuna ukuxukuxwa ngesandla.
1.6.2 Izizathu zokukhula kwe-Algae
Amanqanaba e-chlorine anganelanga, i-pH engalinganiyo, kunye neenkqubo zokucoca ezinganelanga zezona zizathu ziphambili zokukhula kwe-algae. Imvula ikwanegalelo ekudubuleni kwe-algae. Imvula ingazihlamba ii-spores ze-algae echibini kwaye iphazamise ulungelelwaniso lwamanzi, idale indawo elungileyo yokukhula kwe-algae. Kwangaxeshanye, njengoko amaqondo obushushu asehlotyeni enyuka, nobushushu bamanzi echibini buyanda, nto leyo edala iimeko zokukhula kwebhaktheriya kunye ne-algae. Ukongeza, i-algae inokuveliswa zizinto ezingcolisayo ezithwalwa ngababhukudi, njengeempahla zokudada abazinxibayo kunye nezinto zokudlala abadlala ngazo emachibini okanye emanzini olwandle.
1.6.3 Iintlobo ze-Algicides
Ngokubanzi, kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokubulala i-algae: ukubulala i-algae ngokwasemzimbeni kunye nokubulala i-algae ngamakhemikhali. Ukubulala i-algae ngokwasemzimbeni kubhekisa kakhulu ekusebenziseni izikrweqe ze-algae ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo ukususa i-algae kumphezulu wamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ayisusi ngokupheleleyo i-algae, kodwa iphucula kuphela izinga lempumelelo yokubulala i-algae ngamakhemikhali. Ukubulala i-algae ngamakhemikhali kukongeza i-algicides ukususa i-algae okanye ukuthintela ukukhula kwayo. Ngenxa yokuba i-algicides idla ngokuba nefuthe elicothayo lokubulala i-algae, isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukuthintela i-algae. I-Algicides yahlulwe ngokubanzi kwiindidi ezintathu ezilandelayo:
- I-algicide yetyuwa ye-polyquaternary ammonium:Olu luhlobo lwe-algicide ebiza kakhulu, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kungcono kunezinye i-algicide, ayibangeli kukhula okanye ukuqhekeka.
- I-algicide yetyuwa ye-ammonium efumaneka kwi-quaternary:Le algicide ibiza kancinci kwaye inefuthe elihle, kwaye ayibangeli ukukrwela kunye nokungcola. Kodwa inokubangela ukuqhuma kwegwebu kwaye yonakalise isihluzi.
- Ubhedu oluxutyiweyo:Le yeyona algicide ixhaphakileyo, ayibizi nje kuphela, kodwa ikwanefuthe elihle ekubulaleni i-algae. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisa i-algicide ye-copper exutywe ne-chelated kunokubangela ukukrweleka kunye nokungcola, kwaye akuvumelekanga kwezinye iindawo.
Cofa kwikhonkco ukuze ubone ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ngemveliso
1.6.4 Indlela Yokusombulula Ingxaki Yolwelwe
- Okokuqala, khetha i-algicide efanelekileyo. Inkampani yethu ibonelela ngeendidi ngeendidi zeekhemikhali ezibulala ulwelwe, kuquka iSuper Algicide, iStrong Algicide, iQuarter Algicide, iBlue Algicide, njl.njl., ezinokuthintela ngempumelelo ukukhula kolwelwe kunye neebhaktheriya kwaye zenze indawo ekhuselekileyo yokudada kubabhukudi.
- Okwesibini, hlamba ulwelwe olunamathele eludongeni nasezantsi kwechibi ngebrashi.
- Okwesithathu, vavanya umgangatho wamanzi, kuquka inqanaba le-chlorine ekhululekileyo kunye ne-pH. I-chlorine ekhululekileyo yenye yeempawu zomthamo wokubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye i-pH inokubonelela ngendawo ezinzileyo ukuze ezinye iikhemikhali zedama zilandele.
- Okwesine, yongeza ii-algicides emanzini echibi, ezinokubulala kakuhle ulwelwe.
- Okwesihlanu, yongeza izibulali-ntsholongwane edamini, nto leyo enokuba luncedo kakhulu kwi-algicide ukuba isebenze, kwaye usombulule ingxaki ye-algae ngokukhawuleza.
- Okwesithandathu, gcina inkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi isebenza. Ukugcina izixhobo zedama zisebenza ngamaxesha onke kuvumela iikhemikhali zedama ukuba zifikelele kuzo zonke iikona, ukuqinisekisa ukuba idama ligubungela ngokupheleleyo.
- Ekugqibeleni, emva kokugqiba la manyathelo angasentla, qiniseka ukuba uyawahlamba i-backwash isanti filter ukuze ugcine ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo.
Ukugcinwa Kwemihla Ngemihla Kukwayinxalenye Ebalulekileyo Yokugcinwa Kwechibi Lokubhukuda
Ukuze ichibi lihlale licocekile kwaye licocekile ixesha elide, ukongeza ekusombululeni imiba yomgangatho wamanzi engentla, ukugcinwa kwechibi imihla ngemihla kubalulekile.
2.1 Vavanya Umgangatho Wamanzi Rhoqo
Umgangatho wamanzi ngundoqo wokugcinwa kwechibi. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwenqanaba le-pH, i-chlorine yasimahla, i-alkalinity iyonke kunye nezinye izalathisi ezibalulekileyo emanzini linyathelo lokuqala lokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomgangatho wamanzi. I-pH ephezulu kakhulu okanye ephantsi kakhulu ayizukuchaphazela kuphela isiphumo sokubulala iintsholongwane, kodwa inokubangela ukurhawuzelelwa lusu namehlo. Ke ngoko, ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokugcinwa kwemihla ngemihla ukulungisa umgangatho wamanzi ngexesha ngokweziphumo zovavanyo kwaye uwugcine ungaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo.
2.2 Gcina iNkqubo yokuHlunga
Inkqubo yokucoca amanzi echibini ibalulekile ekugcineni amanzi ecocekile kwaye ecocekile. Ukucoca okanye ukutshintsha izinto zokucoca rhoqo kunye nokujonga ukusebenza kwepompo kunye nombhobho ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kakuhle kwamanzi sisiseko sokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokucoca. Ukongeza, umjikelo ofanelekileyo wokuhlamba amanzi angasemva unokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yezinto zokucoca kwaye uphucule isiphumo sokucoca.
2.3 Coca ichibi lokudada
Ukucoca umphezulu wedama lokubhukuda kunye nodonga lwedama lokubhukuda kukwayinto ephambili ekugcinweni kwemihla ngemihla. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca zobungcali, ezifana nebrashi yedama lokubhukuda, umatshini wokufunxa, njl.njl., ukususa rhoqo izinto ezidadayo kumphezulu wedama lokubhukuda, i-moss yodonga lwedama kunye ne-sediment esezantsi kwedama lokubhukuda, kunokugcina ubuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwedama lokubhukuda. Okwangoku, qaphela ukujonga ukuba iithayile kunye nezinye izinto zilungile na kwaye ulungise umonakalo ngexesha, ngaloo ndlela uphephe ungcoliseko lwamanzi.
2.4 Ukugcinwa Kokuthintela
Ukongeza ekucoceni nasekuhloleni imihla ngemihla, ukugcinwa kokuthintela kubalulekile. Umzekelo, ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi kufuneka kuqiniswe ngaphambi kwexesha lemvula ukuthintela ukuvuza kwamanzi kwakhona. Gqibezela ukuhlaziywa kwezixhobo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo ngaphambi kwexesha lemvula ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwechibi ngexesha lemvula. La manyathelo anokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokonakala ngequbuliso kwaye andise ubomi benkonzo yechibi.
Ngokubanzi, ukugcinwa kwedama lokudada ngumsebenzi onzima nocoselelo ofuna umgudu omkhulu kunye nomonde kubaphathi bamadama okudada. Ukuba nje senza umsebenzi olungileyo wokugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweekhemikhali zamachibi okudada, singabonelela ngendawo efanelekileyo nesempilweni yedama lokudada kubabhukudi. Ukuba unemibuzo, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukunxibelelana nathi. Njengomvelisi ophambili weekhemikhali zamachibi okudada eTshayina, singabonelela ngesikhokelo sobuchwephesha kunye neemveliso ezingabizi kakhulu.
