Indawo yokuCoca Amanzi amdaka eSlaughterhouse

Intshayelelo: Umngeni woNyango lwaManzi amdaka eSlaughterhouse

Ingcali yokucubungula iinkukhu kwimizi-mveliso ivavanye ixabiso lethu eliphezulu I-PolyDADMAC imveliso yokuphucula iindleko zeekhemikhali nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokucacisa phantsi kweemeko zokusebenza ezinzima zehlabathi lokwenyani.

Amanzi amdaka asezilaheni aphakathi kwezinto ezimdaka ezidityanisiweyo ezinengxaki yokunyangwa ngenxa yokuba zininzi izinto eziqinileyo ezixokonyezelweyo, iiproteni, amafutha, igrisi, iintsalela zegazi, kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Ezi zinto zingcolisayo zinegalelo ekunyukeni koxinzelelo, imfuno yeoksijini yamakhemikhali (COD), kunye nemfuno yeoksijini yamakhemikhali (BOD), nto leyo ebeka iimfuno ezinkulu kwiinkqubo zokujiya kunye nokuqubha.

Kwiindawo ezininzi zokunyanga amanzi amdaka, i-aluminium sulfate ihlala iyeyona nto iphambili edibanisa amanzi amdaka ngenxa yokufumaneka kwawo kunye nexabiso eliphantsi leyunithi. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyanga amanzi amdaka anzima okuxhela kudla ngokufuna imithamo ephezulu, ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali okonyukileyo, ukuveliswa kodaka, kunye neendleko zokusebenza.

Olu phononongo lwetyala lubonisa iziphumo ezifunyenwe yiprosesa yenkukhu yemizi-mveliso evavanye imveliso yethu yePDADMAC (PolyDiallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride) njengenxalenye yenkqubo yayo yonyango ekhoyo. Sinike imveliso kunye neengcebiso zokusetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokusebenza komthengi. Umthengi wenze uvavanyo lwezityalo waza wathelekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yayo yonyango eqhelekileyo.

Iziphumo zibonise ukuba idosi ephantsi yonyango ingafumaneka ngelixa kunciphisa inkcitho iyonke yamachiza, okubonelela ngeenzuzo zoqoqosho ezinokulinganiswa ngaphandle kokubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza konyango.

Imvelaphi yoShishino: Ukulayisha okuNgcolisayo okuphezulu kunye neMfuno yeCoagulants

Amanzi amdaka aveliswa ngexesha lokucubungula iinkukhu nemfuyo aqulethe umxube ontsonkothileyo wezinto ezingcolisayo, kuquka:

Igazi kunye neeproteni ezinyibilikayo
Amafutha ezilwanyana kunye namafutha
Izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo
Iintsiba kunye namasuntswana ezicubu
Ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo
I-pH eguquguqukayo kunye nokuguquguquka kwexesha lonyaka

Xa kuthelekiswa namanzi amdaka kamasipala, amanzi amdaka asezilaheni adla ngokuba nomthwalo ophezulu kakhulu ongcolisa ukungcola. Njengoko umthamo wemveliso utshintsha imini yonke, iimpawu zamanzi amdaka nazo zinokutshintshatshintsha kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukucaciswa okuthe rhoqo kube nzima ngakumbi.

Ukuqina okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekususeni izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo ngaphambi kokuba kunyangwe okanye kukhutshwe izinto eziphilayo. Ukukhetha iikhemikhali zonyango ezifanelekileyo kudlala indima enkulu ekulawuleni iindleko zokusebenza ngelixa kugcinwa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo.

Imvelaphi yoMthengi: Ukufuna Isisombululo seCoagulants kunye neFlocculants esiSebenza ngexabiso eliphantsi

Umthengi yindawo enkulu yokulungisa iinkukhu kwimizi-mveliso esebenzisa inkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka ezinikeleyo.

Injongo yayo yonyango yayilula:

Gcina ukusebenza okucacileyo okuthembekileyo
Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali
Iindleko zokusebenza zenyanga eziphantsi
Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle konyango ngokubanzi

Ngaphambi kovavanyo, indawo yayixhomekeke kakhulu kwi-aluminium sulfate ukuze ijiye. Nangona inkqubo ekhoyo yayihlangabezana neemfuno zemveliso rhoqo, iinjineli zezityalo ziqaphele ukuba idosi efunekayo ihlala iphezulu, nto leyo enegalelo kwiindleko ezinkulu zeekhemikhali zenyanga. Ngoko ke umthengi waqala ukuvavanya ezinye izixhobo zokuncedisa i-coagulant ezinokukwazi ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-coagulation ngelixa zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ngokupheleleyo.

Indawo Yokulungisa Amanzi Amdaka Yabathengi

Iimeko Zonyango Ezikhoyo Nge-Traditional Aluminium Sulfate Coagulant

Ngaphambi kokuvavanya i-PDADMAC, umthengi wayexhomekeke kwi-aluminium sulfate njenge-coagulant ephambili yonyango lwamanzi amdaka. Umlinganiselo wokusebenza wawumalunga ne-340 ppm, kunye nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ngenyanga malunga neetoni ezili-180. Le nkqubo yonyango ibangele ukuba iindleko zeekhemikhali zenyanga eziqikelelweyo zimalunga ne-US$63,000.

Nangona ukusebenza kwengcaciso kwahlangabezana neemfuno zokusebenza kwesityalo, idosi ephezulu inegalelo ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, ukuveliswa kodaka okuphezulu, kunye nokunyuka kweendleko zokusebenza. Ngenxa yoko, umthengi waqala ukukhangela amathuba okuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuxinana kwamachiza ngelixa enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ngokubanzi.

Uvavanyo lwePolyDADMAC kunye noVavanyo lweSicelo

Emva kokuphonononga iimpawu zamanzi amdaka omthengi kunye neemeko zokusebenza, sinikezele ngemveliso yethu yePDADMAC kwaye sinike neengcebiso zokusetyenziswa malunga novavanyo lwedosi kunye neenkqubo zovavanyo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba inkqubo yokunyanga amanzi amdaka, icebo lokulinganisa, kunye nokuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokugqibela kumiselwe kwaye kwaqinisekiswa ngumthengi ngexesha lovavanyo lwangaphakathi. Indima yethu yayikukubonelela ngomgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo kunye nesikhokelo sobuchwephesha sokusetyenziswa ukuxhasa inkqubo yovavanyo.

Injongo yolu vavanyo yayikukufumanisa ukuba i-PDADMAC ingakuphucula na ukusebenza kakuhle kokujiya kwegazi kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yonyango ekhoyo.

Uvavanyo lweZityalo Ukuphunyezwa kwe-PolyDADMAC Coagulant Aid

Umthengi wenze uvavanyo oluthelekisayo phantsi kweemeko zemveliso eziqhelekileyo esebenzisa imijelo yamanzi amdaka efanayo. Ngexesha lovavanyo, ukusebenza konyango bekujongwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukucaciswa okuzinzileyo ngelixa kulungiswa kancinci kancinci umthamo weekhemikhali.

Iikhrayitheriya zovavanyo eziphambili zibandakanyiwe:

Ukusebenza kwengcaciso
Ukwakheka kweFloc
Iimpawu zokulungisa
Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali
Iindleko zokusebenza

Endaweni yokutshintsha yonke inkqubo yonyango, umthengi ugxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakuhle kwePDADMAC kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokujiya kwegazi nokunciphisa inani leekhemikhali ezifunekayo. Uvavanyo lwenziwe kwimijikelo emininzi yemveliso ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zimele iimeko zokusebenza zokwenyani endaweni yokujonga ilabhoratri yexesha elifutshane.

Iziphumo zovavanyo: Ukonga iindleko ezibalulekileyo kunye nokunciphisa umthamo

Emva kokungenisa iPDADMAC (PolyDADMAC) kwinkqubo yokujiya, umthengi waphawula ukuba inkqubo yokucoca amanzi amdaka igcina ukusebenza okucacileyo okuzinzileyo ngelixa isebenza ngedosi ephantsi kakhulu. Umlinganiselo wonyango oqhelekileyo wehlisiwe waya kuthi ga kwi-200 ppm, kwaye iindleko zekhemikhali zenyanga eziqikelelweyo zehla zaya kuthi ga kwi-US$52,000.

Xa kuthelekiswa neemeko zokusebenza zokuqala, le nkqubo iphuculiweyo yehlise idosi yeekhemikhali malunga ne-41% kwaye yavelisa ukonga okuqikelelweyo kwenyanga malunga ne-US$11,000. Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni rhoqo kwesityalo, oku kubonisa ukonga okunokwenzeka kweendleko zeekhemikhali zonyaka malunga ne-US$132,000.

Uthelekiso lweNtsebenzo: Inkqubo ye-Aluminium Sulfate vs. PDADMAC

Emva kovavanyo lwesityalo, umthengi uqinisekisile ukuba ukufaka iPDADMAC (PolyDADMAC) kwinkqubo yokujiya kuphucule ukusebenza kakuhle konyango ngelixa kunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali.

Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yokuqala yonyango, idosi yeekhemikhali efunekayo incitshisiwe ukusuka340 ppm ukuya kwi-200 ppm, emele uqikeleloUkunciphisa ngama-41%Inkcitho yenyanga yeekhemikhali nayo yehlile ukusuka kwi-US$63,000 ukuya kwi-US$52,000, nto leyo ekhokelela kwimali eqikelelweyo yenyanga emalungaI-US$11,000kunye nokonga okunokwenzeka konyaka okumalungaI-US$132,000.

Ukongeza ekunciphiseni iindleko zokusebenza, umthengi ubone ukwakheka kwe-floc okuqhubekekayo kunye nokusebenza okucacileyo okuzinzileyo kulo lonke ixesha lovavanyo. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukuba, xa zisetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo, i-PDADMAC inokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-coagulants eqhelekileyo, incede amaziko okucoca amanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso aphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ngelixa enciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali.

Nangona ukusebenza konyango kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zamanzi amdaka, iimeko zokusebenza, kunye noyilo lwezityalo, eli tyala libonisa indlela iPolyDADMAC enobunzima obuphezulu enokuthi isebenze ngayo njengoncedo olusebenzayo lwe-flocculant kwizicelo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka ezilahliweyo.

Kutheni iPolyDADMAC iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle koNyango

Amanzi amdaka aseSlaughterhouse aqulathe uxinaniso oluphezulu lwee-colloidal particles ezitshajwe kakubi, kuquka iiproteni, izinto eziphilayo ezincinci, kunye namafutha axutyiweyo. Ezi particles kunzima ukuzisusa kusetyenziswa ii-coagulants zemveli ezingaphiliyo zodwa, ingakumbi xa ulwakhiwo lwamanzi amdaka lutshintshatshintsha.

I-PolyDADMAC (I-PolyDiallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride)yipolymer ye-cationic enobunzima obuphezulu esebenza ngokuyintloko ngokuthomalalisa itshaja kunye nokuthomalalisa amasuntswana.

Kulo mxholo wesicelo, iPDADMAC inegalelo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

Ukunciphisa iTshaja Ephuculweyo:Indalo enamandla ye-cationic ye-PDADMAC inceda ekuthomalaliseni amasuntswana axhonyiweyo atshajwe kakubi ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo enciphisa imfuno yee-coagulants ezingaphiliyo.
Ukuphuculwa kokwakheka kweFloc:Nje ukuba zingasebenzi kakuhle, amasuntswana amancinci ahlangana ngokukhawuleza abe zii-flocs ezinkulu, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sedimentation kwaye inciphise ukungcoliseka.
Ukwahlulwa-hlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo ngokukhawuleza:Iiflocs eziqinileyo nezixineneyo zihlala ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kokucaca kwiiyunithi zesedimentation eziphambili.
Imfuno Encitshisiweyo Ye-Coagulant:Ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kokungazinzi, inkqubo ifuna i-aluminium sulfate encinci ukuze kufezekiswe iziphumo ezifanayo zokucacisa.
Uzinzo lweNkqubo olungcono:Inkqubo encediswa yi-polymer inika ukunyamezela okuphuculweyo ngokuchasene nokuguquguquka kokwakheka kwamanzi amdaka, into eqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi yokuxhela.

Iingenelo ezongezelelweyo zokusebenza ezibonwayo ngePDADMAC

Ngaphandle kokunciphisa iindleko zeekhemikhali, umthengi ukwabike uphuculo oluncinci lokusebenza ngexesha lovavanyo:

Ukusebenza kwengcaciso ezinzileyo ngakumbi ngexesha lemijikelo yemveliso ephezulu
Indlela ephucukileyo yokulungisa udaka
Ukuncipha kokuguquguquka kokungcola okucociweyo kwamanzi amdaka
Ubunzima bokuphatha iikhemikhali buphantsi ngenxa yezidingo ezincitshisiweyo zedosi
Ukuphuculwa kokulawulwa kwenkqubo iyonke

Olu phuculo lube negalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemisebenzi yokucoca amanzi amdaka yemihla ngemihla kwaye lwanciphisa uxinzelelo olusebenzayo kubasebenzi bonyango.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngabaSebenzisi baManzi amdaka kunye nabaThengisi beFlocculant

Olu vavanyo lubonisa izigqibo ezibalulekileyo kubasebenzi bonyango lwamanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso:

Amanzi amdaka asezilaheni afuna iindlela zokubopha ezisebenza kakuhle kakhulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuntsonkothileyo
Umthamo ophezulu we-aluminium sulfate awusoloko uguqulela ekusebenzeni kakuhle
Ukungatshajisi intlawulo okusekelwe kwi-polymer kunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-coagulation
Ukunciphisa umthamo weekhemikhali kunokwenzeka ngaphandle kotshintsho olukhulu kwiziseko zophuhliso
Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo kunokuvelisa ukonga okukhulu kweendleko zexesha elide

Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba iziphumo zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zamanzi amdaka, ulwakhiwo lwenkqubo, kunye neemeko zokusebenza. Iziko ngalinye kufuneka lenze uvavanyo lwalo ukuze limisele amaqhinga afanelekileyo okulinganisa.

Umgca weMveliso ePhambili yeYuncang Chemical

Ukuqinisekiswa koMgangatho oPhambili kunye noKwenziwa kweMveliso

Sisebenzisa imigca yemveliso yeekhemikhali enamandla aphezulu ukusukela ngo-2009. Siqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco lokubonelela kunye nokuhambelana kwemveliso ephezulu kwizisombululo zonyango lwamanzi kwihlabathi liphela.

Malunga nePolyDADMAC yethu: Ababoneleli bePolyDADMAC abathembekileyo

I-PDADMAC yethu (i-PolyDiallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride) yi-polymer ye-cationic esebenza kakhulu eyenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zonyango lwamanzi kwimizi-mveliso, kuquka:

Amanzi amdaka endlu yokuxhela kunye nokulungisa inyama
Amanzi amdaka okutya neziselo
Amanzi amdaka ephepha kunye ne-pulp
Iinkqubo zokunyanga amanzi amdaka elaphu
Iinkqubo zokucacisa amanzi amdaka kwimizi-mveliso ngokubanzi

Sibonelela ngePDADMAC kwiiklasi ezizinzileyo zoshishino ezifanelekileyo kwiinkqubo zokulinganisa eziqhubekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zonyango lwebhetshi.

Asiboneleli ngeenkqubo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka ezizenzekelayo okanye ngeenkonzo zobunjineli benkqubo epheleleyo. Endaweni yoko, sigxila ekuboneleleni ngeemveliso zeekhemikhali ezisemgangathweni ohambelanayo kwaye sinikezela ngesikhokelo sesicelo esisekelwe kwidatha yamanzi amdaka enikezelwa ngabathengi kunye nempendulo yokusebenza. Uyilo lokugqibela lonyango, ukukhethwa kwenkqubo, kunye nokulungiswa kokusebenza kuhlala kungumthwalo womsebenzisi wokugqibela okanye iqabane lakhe lobunjineli.