yenziwa njani i-poly aluminium chloride?

I-Poly Aluminium Chloride(PAC), ikhemikhali ebalulekileyo esetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangweni kwamanzi, itshintsha inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa. Olu tshintsho luza njengenxalenye yokuzibophelela kweshishini ekuzinzeni nasekuthwaleni uxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Kweli nqaku, sijonga iinkcukacha zeendlela ezintsha zokuvelisa zePAC ezingaphuculi nje kuphela umgangatho wayo kodwa zinciphisa nomngcipheko wayo kwindalo.

Imveliso Yemveli vs. Inkqubo Entsha

Ngokwesiko, i-PAC yaveliswa kusetyenziswa inkqubo yebhetshi eyayiquka ukunyibilikisa i-aluminium hydroxide kwi-hydrochloric acid ize emva koko i-polymerise i-ions ze-aluminium. Le ndlela yavelisa inkunkuma eninzi, yakhupha iimveliso eziyingozi, yaza yasebenzisa amandla amaninzi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, inkqubo yemveliso yanamhlanje igxile ekunciphiseni inkunkuma, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokukhutshwa komoya, ngelixa iphucula umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso yokugqibela.

Imveliso Yokuhamba Kokuhamba Okuqhubekayo: Utshintsho Lomdlalo

Utshintsho oluya ekuzinzeni kwimveliso ye-PAC lujikeleza ingcamango yokuveliswa kokuhamba okuqhubekekayo. Le ndlela ibandakanya inkqubo yokusabela okuqhubekekayo, apho ii-reactants zifakwa rhoqo kwinkqubo, kwaye imveliso iqokelelwa rhoqo, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinkqubo elula nesebenzayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwee-reactors zokuhamba okuqhubekekayo kuvumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo kwiimeko zokusabela, okukhokelela ekuphuculweni kokuhambelana kwemveliso kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

Amanyathelo Aphambili kwiNkqubo yoMveliso yePAC yanamhlanje

1. Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza: Inkqubo iqala ngokulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza. Imithombo ye-aluminium ecocekileyo kakhulu, efana ne-aluminium hydroxide okanye i-bauxite ore, ikhethwa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. Ezi zinto ziluhlaza zicutshungulwa ngononophelo kwaye zicocwe ngaphambi kokuba zifakwe kumgca wemveliso.

2. Inqanaba lokuphendula: Intliziyo yenkqubo yokuvelisa ukuhamba okuqhubekekayo ilele kwinqanaba lokuphendula. Apha, i-aluminium hydroxide ixutywa ne-hydrochloric acid ngokwemilinganiselo elawulwayo ngaphakathi kwe-reactor yokuhamba okuqhubekekayo. Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokuxuba eziphambili kunye nolawulo oluchanekileyo kwiimeko zokuphendula kuqinisekisa impendulo ehambelanayo nesebenzayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-poly aluminium chloride.

3. Ukwenziwa kwePolymerization kunye noKuphucula: Uyilo lwe-continuous flow reactor lukwavumela ukwenziwa kwe-polymerization elawulwayo yee-ion ze-aluminium, okukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-PAC. Ngokwenza ngcono iiparameter zempendulo, ezinje ngobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nexesha lokuhlala, abavelisi banokwenza ngokwezifiso iipropati zemveliso ye-PAC ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno ezithile zesicelo.

4. Ukwahlulwa kweMveliso kunye nokuHlanzwa: Nje ukuba impendulo igqityiwe, umxube uqondiswa kwiiyunithi zokwahlulwa apho imveliso ye-PAC yahlulwe kwii-reactants ezisele kunye neemveliso ezingasemva. Iindlela ezintsha zokwahlulwa, ezinje ngokuhluzwa kwe-membrane, zisetyenziswa ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma kunye nokuphucula isivuno semveliso.

5. Ukulahlwa kweeMveliso eziNgcono kwiNdalo: Ngokuhambelana nephulo lokuzinza, iimveliso ezingaphantsi eziveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso zilawulwa ngononophelo. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokulahla ezingcono kwiNdalo, ezinje ngokuthomalalisa kunye nokuzalisa inkunkuma ngokukhuselekileyo, impembelelo yenkunkuma kwindalo iyancipha kakhulu.

Iingenelo zeNkqubo yeMveliso yanamhlanje

Ukwamkelwa kwemveliso yokuhamba rhoqo kwemveliso ye-PAC kuzisa uluhlu lweenzuzo. Ezi ziquka ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuncitshisiweyo, ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma okuncitshisiweyo, umgangatho wemveliso ophuculweyo kunye nokungaguquguquki, kunye nokuncipha kophawu lwendalo. Ukongeza, inkqubo ephuculweyo ivumela abavelisi ukuba balungelelanise iipropati ze-PAC ukuze zihlangabezane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kwayo kwiinkqubo zonyango lwamanzi.

Utshintsho oluya kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ezizinzileyo nezinoxanduva lokusingqongileyo luguqula ishishini leekhemikhali. Indlela yanamhlanje yokuvelisaI-PACibonisa olu tshintsho, ibonisa indlela ubuchwepheshe obutsha kunye neendlela ezinokukhokelela ngayo kwiimveliso ezingcono kunye neplanethi enempilo. Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka nokwamkela olo tshintsho, ikamva libonakala lithembisa, kunye neendlela zemveliso ezicocekileyo, eziluhlaza, nezisebenzayo ngakumbi.